Category: Hindus’ History

From: Asha Gupta

जन गण मन की कहानी

सन 1911 तक भारत की राजधानी बंगाल हुआ करता था। सन 1905 में जब बंगाल विभाजन को लेकर अंग्रेजो के खिलाफ बंग-भंग आन्दोलन के विरोध में बंगाल के लोग उठ खड़े हुए तो अंग्रेजो ने अपने आपको बचाने के लिए के कलकत्ता से हटाकर राजधानी को दिल्ली ले गए और 1911में दिल्ली को राजधानी घोषित कर दिया। पूरे भारत में उस समय लोग विद्रोह से भरे हुए थे तो अंग्रेजो ने अपने इंग्लॅण्ड के राजा को भारत आमंत्रित किया ताकि लोग शांत हो जाये। इंग्लैंड का
राजा जोर्ज पंचम 1911 में भारत में आया। रविंद्रनाथ टैगोर पर दबाव बनाया गया कि तुम्हे एक गीत जोर्ज पंचम के स्वागत में लिखना ही होगा।

उस समय टैगोर का परिवार अंग्रेजों के काफी नजदीक हुआ करता था, उनके परिवार के बहुत से लोग ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी के लिए काम किया करते थे, उनके बड़े भाई अवनींद्र नाथ टैगोर बहुत दिनों तक ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी के कलकत्ता डिविजन के निदेशक (Director) रहे। उनके परिवार का बहुत पैसा ईस्ट इंडिया
कंपनी में लगा हुआ था। और खुद रविन्द्र नाथ टैगोर की बहुत सहानुभूति थी अंग्रेजों के लिए। रविंद्रनाथ टैगोर ने मन से या बेमन से जो गीत लिखा उसके बोल है “जन गण मन अधिनायक जय हे भारत भाग्य विधाता”। इस गीत के सारे के सारे शब्दों में अंग्रेजी राजा जोर्ज पंचम का गुणगान है, जिसका अर्थ समझने पर पता लगेगा कि ये तो हकीक़त में ही
अंग्रेजो की खुशामद में लिखा गया था।

इस राष्ट्रगान का अर्थ कुछ इस तरह से होता है “भारत के नागरिक, भारत की जनता अपने मन से आपको भारत का भाग्य विधाता समझती है और मानती है। हे अधिनायक (Superhero) तुम्ही भारत
के भाग्य विधाता हो। तुम्हारी जय हो ! जय हो ! जय हो ! तुम्हारे भारत आने से सभी प्रान्त पंजाब, सिंध, गुजरात, मराठा मतलब महारास्त्र, द्रविड़मतलब दक्षिण भारत, उत्कल मतलब उड़ीसा, बंगाल आदि और जितनी भी नदिया जैसे यमुना और गंगा ये सभी हर्षित है, खुश है, प्रसन्न है , तुम्हारा नाम लेकर ही हम जागते है और तुम्हारे नाम का आशीर्वाद चाहते है। तुम्हारी ही हम गाथा गाते है। हे भारत के भाग्य
विधाता (सुपर हीरो ) तुम्हारी जय हो जय हो जय हो। ”

जोर्ज पंचम भारत आया 1911 में और उसके स्वागत में ये गीत गाया गया। जब वो इंग्लैंड चला गया तो उसने उस जन गण मन का अंग्रेजी में अनुवाद करवाया। क्योंकि जब भारत में उसका इस गीत से स्वागत हुआ था तब उसके समझ में नहीं आया था कि ये गीत क्यों गाया गया और इसका अर्थ क्या है। जब अंग्रेजी अनुवाद उसने सुना तो वह बोला कि इतना सम्मान और इतनी खुशामद तो मेरी आज तक इंग्लॅण्ड में भी किसी ने नहीं की। वह बहुत खुश हुआ। उसने आदेश दिया कि जिसने भी ये गीत उसके (जोर्ज पंचम के) लिए लिखा है उसे इंग्लैंड बुलाया जाये। रविन्द्र नाथ टैगोर इंग्लैंड गए। जोर्ज पंचम उस समय नोबल पुरस्कार समिति का अध्यक्ष भी था।

उसने रविन्द्र नाथ टैगोर को नोबल पुरस्कार से सम्मानित करने का फैसला किया। तो रविन्द्र नाथ टैगोर ने इस नोबल पुरस्कार को लेने से मना कर दिया। क्यों कि गाँधी जी ने बहुत बुरी तरह से रविन्द्रनाथ टेगोर को उनके इस गीत के लिए खूब डांटा था। टैगोर ने कहा की आप मुझे नोबल पुरस्कार देना ही चाहते हैं तो मैंने एक गीतांजलि नामक रचना लिखी है उस पर मुझे दे दो लेकिन इस गीत के नाम पर मत दो और यही प्रचारित किया जाये क़ि मुझे जो नोबेलपुरस्कार दिया गया है वो गीतांजलि नामक रचना के ऊपर दिया गया है। जोर्ज पंचम मान गया और रविन्द्र नाथ टैगोर को सन 1913 में गीतांजलि नामक रचना के ऊपर नोबल पुरस्कार दिया गया।

रविन्द्र नाथ टैगोर की ये सहानुभूति ख़त्म हुई 1919 में जब जलिया वाला कांड हुआ और गाँधी जी ने लगभग गाली की भाषा में उनको पत्र लिखा और कहा क़ि अभी भी तुम्हारी आँखों से अंग्रेजियत का पर्दा नहीं उतरेगा तो कब उतरेगा,तुम अंग्रेजों के इतने चाटुकार कैसे हो गए, तुम इनके इतने समर्थक कैसे हो गए ? फिर गाँधी जी स्वयं रविन्द्र नाथ टैगोर से मिलने गए और बहुत जोर से डाटा कि अभी तक तुम अंग्रेजो की अंध भक्ति में डूबे हुए हो ? तब जाकर रविंद्रनाथ टैगोर की नीद खुली। इस काण्ड का टैगोर ने विरोध किया और नोबल पुरस्कार अंग्रेजी हुकूमत को लौटा दिया। सन 1919 से पहले जितना कुछ भी रविन्द्र नाथ टैगोर ने लिखा वो अंग्रेजी सरकार के पक्ष में था और 1919के बाद उनके लेख कुछ कुछ अंग्रेजो के खिलाफ होने लगे थे।

रविन्द्र नाथ टेगोर के बहनोई, सुरेन्द्र नाथ बनर्जी लन्दन में रहते थे और ICS ऑफिसर थे। अपने बहनोई को उन्होंने एक पत्र लिखा था (ये 1919 के बाद की घटना है) । इसमें उन्होंने लिखा है कि ये गीत ‘जन गण मन’ अंग्रेजो के द्वारा मुझ
पर दबाव डलवाकर लिखवाया गया है। इसके शब्दों का अर्थ अच्छा नहीं है। इस गीत को नहीं गाया जाये तो अच्छा है। लेकिन अंत में उन्होंने लिख दिया कि इस चिठ्ठी को किसी को नहीं दिखाए क्योंकि मैं इसे सिर्फ आप तक सीमित रखना चाहता हूँ लेकिन जब कभी मेरी म्रत्यु हो जाये तो सबको बता दे। 7 अगस्त 1941 को रबिन्द्र नाथ टैगोर की मृत्यु के बाद इस पत्र को सुरेन्द्र नाथ बनर्जी ने ये पत्र सार्वजनिक किया, और सारे देश को ये कहा क़ि ये जन गन मन गीत न गाया जाये।

1941 तक कांग्रेस पार्टी थोड़ी उभर चुकी थी। लेकिन वह दो खेमो में बट गई। जिसमे एक खेमे के समर्थक बाल गंगाधर तिलक थे और दुसरे खेमे में मोती लाल नेहरु थे। मतभेद था सरकार बनाने को लेकर। मोती लाल नेहरु चाहते थे कि स्वतंत्र भारत की सरकार अंग्रेजो के साथ कोई संयोजक सरकार (Coalition Government) बने। जबकि गंगाधर तिलक कहते थे कि अंग्रेजो के साथ मिलकर सरकार बनाना तो भारत के लोगों को धोखा देना है। इस मतभेद के कारण लोकमान्य तिलक कांग्रेस से निकल गए और उन्होंने गरम दल बनाया। कोंग्रेस के दो हिस्से हो गए। एक नरम दल और एक गरम दल।

गरम दल के नेता थे लोकमान्य तिलक जैसे क्रन्तिकारी। वे हर जगह वन्दे मातरम गाया करते थे। और नरम दल के नेता थे मोती लाल नेहरु (यहाँ मैं स्पष्ट कर दूँ कि गांधीजी उस समय तक कांग्रेस की आजीवन सदस्यता से इस्तीफा दे चुके थे, वो किसी तरफ नहीं थे, लेकिन गाँधी जी दोनों पक्ष के लिए आदरणीय थे क्योंकि गाँधी जी देश के लोगों के आदरणीय थे)। लेकिन नरम दल वाले ज्यादातर अंग्रेजो के साथ रहते थे। उनके साथ रहना, उनको सुनना, उनकी बैठकों में शामिल होना। हर समय अंग्रेजो से समझौते में रहते थे। वन्देमातरम से अंग्रेजो को बहुत चिढ होती थी। नरम दल वाले गरम दल को चिढाने के लिए 1911 में लिखा गया गीत “जन गण मन” गाया करते थे और गरम दल वाले “वन्दे मातरम”।

नरम दल वाले अंग्रेजों के समर्थक थे और अंग्रेजों को ये गीत पसंद नहीं था तो अंग्रेजों के कहने पर नरम दल वालों ने उस समय एक हवा उड़ा दी कि मुसलमानों को वन्दे मातरम नहीं गाना चाहिए क्यों कि इसमें बुतपरस्ती (मूर्ति पूजा) है। और आप जानते है कि मुसलमान मूर्ति पूजा के कट्टर विरोधी है। उस समय मुस्लिम लीग भी बन गई थी जिसके प्रमुख मोहम्मद अली जिन्ना थे। उन्होंने भी इसका विरोध करना शुरू कर दिया क्योंकि जिन्ना भी देखने भर को (उस समय तक) भारतीय थे मन,कर्म और वचन से अंग्रेज ही थे उन्होंने भी अंग्रेजों के इशारे पर ये कहना शुरू किया और मुसलमानों को वन्दे मातरम गाने से मना कर दिया।

जब भारत सन 1947 में स्वतंत्र हो गया तो जवाहर लाल नेहरु ने इसमें राजनीति कर डाली। संविधान सभा की बहस चली। संविधान सभा के 319 में से 318 सांसद ऐसे थे जिन्होंने बंकिम बाबु द्वारा लिखित वन्देमातरम को राष्ट्र गान स्वीकार करने पर सहमति जताई। बस एक सांसद ने इस प्रस्ताव को नहीं माना। और उस एक सांसद का नाम था पंडित जवाहर लाल नेहरु। उनका तर्क था कि वन्दे मातरम गीत से मुसलमानों के दिल को चोट पहुचती है इसलिए इसे नहीं गाना चाहिए (दरअसल इस गीत से मुसलमानों को नहीं अंग्रेजों के दिल को चोट पहुंचती थी)। अब इस झगडे का फैसला कौन करे, तो वे पहुचे गाँधी जी के पास। गाँधी जी ने कहा कि जन गन मन के पक्ष में तो मैं भी नहीं हूँ और तुम (नेहरु ) वन्देमातरम के पक्ष में नहीं हो तो कोई तीसरा गीत तैयार किया जाये। तो महात्मा गाँधी ने तीसरा विकल्प झंडा गान के रूप में दिया “विजयी विश्व तिरंगा प्यारा झंडा ऊँचा रहे हमारा”। लेकिन नेहरु जी उस पर भी तैयार नहीं हुए। नेहरु जी का तर्क था कि झंडा गान ओर्केस्ट्रा पर नहीं बज सकता और जन गन मन ओर्केस्ट्रा पर बज सकता है।

उस समय बात नहीं बनी तो नेहरु जी ने इस मुद्दे को गाँधी जी की मृत्यु तक टाले रखा और उनकी मृत्यु के बाद नेहरु जी ने जन गण मन को राष्ट्र गान घोषित कर दिया और जबरदस्ती भारतीयों पर इसे थोप दिया गया जबकि इसके जो बोल है उनका अर्थ कुछ और ही कहानी प्रस्तुत करते है,और दूसरा पक्ष नाराज न हो इसलिए वन्दे मातरम को राष्ट्रगीत बना दिया गया लेकिन कभी गया नहीं गया। नेहरु जी कोई ऐसा काम नहीं करना चाहते थे जिससे कि अंग्रेजों के दिल को चोट पहुंचे, मुसलमानों के वो इतने हिमायती कैसे हो सकते थे जिस आदमी ने पाकिस्तान बनवा दिया जब कि इस देश के मुसलमान पाकिस्तान नहीं चाहते थे,जन गण मन को इस लिए तरजीह दी गयी क्योंकि वो अंग्रेजों की भक्ति में गाया गया गीत था और वन्देमातरम इसलिए पीछे रह गया क्योंकि इस गीत से अंगेजों को दर्द होता था।

बीबीसी ने एक सर्वे किया था। उसने पूरे संसार में जितने भी भारत के लोग रहते थे, उनसे पुछा कि आपको दोनों में से कौन सा गीत ज्यादा पसंद है तो 99 % लोगों ने कहा वन्देमातरम। बीबीसी के इस सर्वे से एक बात और साफ़ हुई कि दुनिया के सबसे लोकप्रिय गीतों में दुसरे नंबर पर वन्देमातरम है। कई देश है जिनके लोगों को इसके बोल समझ में नहीं आते है लेकिन वो कहते है कि इसमें जो लय है उससे एक जज्बा पैदा होता है।

तो ये इतिहास है वन्दे मातरम का और जन गण मन का। अब ये आप को तय करना है कि आपको क्या गाना है ?

इतने लम्बे पत्र को आपने धैर्यपूर्वक पढ़ा इसके लिए आपका धन्यवाद्। और अच्छा लगा हो तो इसे फॉरवर्ड कीजिये, आप अगर और भारतीय भाषाएँ जानते हों तो इसे उस भाषा में अनुवादित कीजिये अंग्रेजी छोड़ कर।

जय हिंद |

ॐ सर्वे भवन्तु सुखिनः सर्वे सन्तु निरामयाः । सर्वे भद्राणिपश्यन्तु मा कश्चिद्दुःखभाग्भवेत् ।

ॐ शान्तिः शान्

From: Yogesh Saxena

The first steps were taken toward self-government in British India in the late 19th century with the appointment of Indian counsellors to advise the British viceroy and the establishment of provincial councils with Indian members; the British subsequently widened participation in legislative councils with the Indian Councils Act 1892. Municipal Corporations and District Boards were created for local administration; they included elected Indian members.

The Indian Councils Act 1909 — also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms (John Morley was the secretary of state for India, and Gilbert Elliot, fourth earl of Minto, was viceroy) — gave Indians limited roles in the central and provincial legislatures, known as legislative councils. Indians had previously been appointed to legislative councils, but after the reforms some were elected to them. At the centre, the majority of council members continued to be government-appointed officials, and the viceroy was in no way responsible to the legislature. At the provincial level, the elected members, together with unofficial appointees, outnumbered the appointed officials, but responsibility of the governor to the legislature was not contemplated. Morley made it clear in introducing the legislation to the British Parliament that parliamentary self-government was not the goal of the British government.

The Morley-Minto Reforms were a milestone. Step by step, the elective principle was introduced for membership in Indian legislative councils. The “electorate” was limited, however, to a small group of upper-class Indians. These elected members increasingly became an “opposition” to the “official government”. The Communal electorates were later extended to other communities and made a political factor of the Indian tendency toward group identification through religion.

World War I would prove to be a watershed in the imperial relationship between Britain and India. 1.4 million Indian and British soldiers of the British Indian Army would take part in the war and their participation would have a wider cultural fallout: news of Indian soldiers fighting and dying with British soldiers, as well as soldiers from dominions like Canada and Australia, would travel to distant corners of the world both in newsprint and by the new medium of the radio.[8] India’s international profile would thereby rise and would continue to rise during the 1920s.[8] It was to lead, among other things, to India, under its own name, becoming a founding member of the League of Nations in 1920 and participating, under the name, “Les Indes Anglaises” (The British Indies), in the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp.[9] Back in India, especially among the leaders of the Indian National Congress, it would lead to calls for greater self-government for Indians.[8]

In 1916, in the face of new strength demonstrated by the nationalists with the signing of the Lucknow Pact and the founding of the Home Rule leagues, and the realization, after the disaster in the Mesopotamian campaign, that the war would likely last longer, the new Viceroy, Lord Chelmsford, cautioned that the Government of India needed to be more responsive to Indian opinion.[10] Towards the end of the year, after discussions with the government in London, he suggested that the British demonstrate their good faith – in light of the Indian war role – through a number of public actions, including awards of titles and honors to princes, granting of commissions in the army to Indians, and removal of the much-reviled cotton excise duty, but most importantly, an announcement of Britain’s future plans for India and an indication of some concrete steps.[10] After more discussion, in August 1917, the new Liberal Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, announced the British aim of “increasing association of Indians in every branch of the administration, and the gradual development of self-governing institutions, with a view to the progressive realization of responsible government in India as an integral part of the British Empire.”[10] This envisioned reposing confidence in the educated Indians, so far disdained as an unrepresentative minority, who were described by Montague as “Intellectually our children”.[11] The pace of the reforms where to be determined by Britain as and when the Indians were seen to have earned it.[11] However, although the plan envisioned limited self-government at first only in the provinces – with India emphatically within the British Empire – it represented the first British proposal for any form of representative government in a non-white colony.
Earlier, at the onset of World War I, the reassignment of most of the British army in India to Europe and Mesopotamia had led the previous Viceroy, Lord Harding, to worry about the “risks involved in denuding India of troops.”[8] Revolutionary violence had already been a concern in British India; consequently in 1915, to strengthen its powers during what it saw was a time of increased vulnerability, the Government of India passed the Defence of India Act, which allowed it to intern politically dangerous dissidents without due process and added to the power it already had – under the 1910 Press Act – both to imprison journalists without trial and to censor the press.[12] Now, as constitutional reform began to be discussed in earnest, the British began to consider how new moderate Indians could be brought into the fold of constitutional politics and simultaneously, how the hand of established constitutionalists could be strengthened.[12] However, since the reform plan was devised during a time when extremist violence had ebbed as a result of increased war-time governmental control and it now feared a revival of revolutionary violence,[11] the government also began to consider how some of its war-time powers could be extended into peace time.[12][12]
Consequently in 1917, even as Edwin Montagu announced the new constitutional reforms, a sedition committee chaired by a British judge, Mr. S. A. T. Rowlatt, was tasked with investigating war-time revolutionary conspiracies and the German and Bolshevik links to the violence in India,[13][14][15] with the unstated goal of extending the government’s war-time powers.[10] The Rowlatt committee presented its report in July 1918 and identified three regions of conspiratorial insurgency: Bengal, the Bombay presidency, and the Punjab.[10] To combat subversive acts in these regions, the committee recommended that the government use emergency powers akin to its war-time authority, which included the ability to try cases of sedition by a panel of three judges and without juries, exaction of securities from suspects, governmental overseeing of residences of suspects,[10] and the power for provincial governments to arrest and detain suspects in short-term detention facilities and without trial.[16]
With the end of World War I, there was also a change in the economic climate. By year’s end 1919, 1.5 million Indians had served in the armed services in either combatant or non-combatant roles, and India had provided £146 million in revenue for the war.[17] The increased taxes coupled with disruptions in both domestic and international trade had the effect of approximately doubling the index of overall prices in India between 1914 and 1920.[17] Returning war veterans, especially in the Punjab, created a growing unemployment crisis[18] and post-war inflation led to food riots in Bombay, Madras, and Bengal provinces,[18] a situation that was made only worse by the failure of the 1918-19 monsoon and by profiteering and speculation.[17] The global influenza epidemic and the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 added to the general jitters; the former among the population already experiencing economic woes,[18] and the latter among government officials, fearing a similar revolution in India.[19]
To combat what it saw as a coming crisis, the government now drafted the Rowlatt committee’s recommendations into two Rowlatt Bills.[16] Although the bills were authorised for legislative consideration by Edwin Montagu, they were done so unwillingly, with the accompanying declaration, “I loathe the suggestion at first sight of preserving the Defence of India Act in peace time to such an extent as Rowlatt and his friends think necessary.”[10] In the ensuing discussion and vote in the Imperial Legislative Council, all Indian members voiced opposition to the bills. The Government of India was nevertheless able to use of its “official majority” to ensure passage of the bills early in 1919.[10] However, what it passed, in deference to the Indian opposition, was a lesser version of the first bill, which now allowed extrajudicial powers, but for a period of exactly three years and for the prosecution solely of “anarchical and revolutionary movements,” dropping entirely the second bill involving modification of the Indian Penal Code.[10] Even so, when it was passed the new Rowlatt Act aroused widespread indignation throughout India and brought Mohandas Gandhi to the forefront of the nationalist movement.[16]
Meanwhile, Montagu and Chelmsford themselves finally presented their report in July 1918 after a long fact-finding trip through India the previous winter.[20] After more discussion by the government and parliament in Britain, and another tour by the Franchise and Functions Committee for the purpose of identifying who among the Indian population could vote in future elections, the Government of India Act 1919 (also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms) was passed in December 1919.[20] The new Act enlarged the provincial councils and converted the Imperial Legislative Council into an enlarged Central Legislative Assembly. It also repealed the Government of India’s recourse to the “official majority” in unfavorable votes.[20] Although departments like defense, foreign affairs, criminal law, communications and income-tax were retained by the Viceroy and the central government in New Delhi, other departments like public health, education, land-revenue and local self-government were transferred to the provinces.[20] The provinces themselves were now to be administered under a new dyarchical system, whereby some areas like education, agriculture, infrastructure development, and local self-government became the preserve of Indian ministers and legislatures, and ultimately the Indian electorates, while others like irrigation, land-revenue, police, prisons, and control of media remained within the purview of the British governor and his executive council.[20] The new Act also made it easier for Indians to be admitted into the civil service and the army officer corps.
A greater number of Indians were now enfranchised, although, for voting at the national level, they constituted only 10% of the total adult male population, many of whom were still illiterate.[20] In the provincial legislatures, the British continued to exercise some control by setting aside seats for special interests they considered cooperative or useful. In particular, rural candidates, generally sympathetic to British rule and less confrontational, were assigned more seats than their urban counterparts.[20] Seats were also reserved for non-Brahmins, landowners, businessmen, and college graduates. The principal of “communal representation”, an integral part of the Minto-Morley reforms, and more recently of the Congress-Muslim League Lucknow Pact, was reaffirmed, with seats being reserved for Muslims, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, and domiciled Europeans, in both provincial and Imperial legislative councils.[20] The Montagu-Chelmsford reforms offered Indians the most significant opportunity yet for exercising legislative power, especially at the provincial level; however, that opportunity was also restricted by the still limited number of eligible voters, by the small budgets available to provincial legislatures, and by the presence of rural and special interest seats that were seen as instruments of British control.[20]
In 1935, after the Round Table Conferences, the British Parliament approved the Government of India Act 1935, which authorised the establishment of independent legislative assemblies in all provinces of British India, the creation of a central government incorporating both the British provinces and the princely states, and the protection of Muslim minorities.[3] The future Constitution of independent India would owe a great deal to the text of this act.[21] The act also provided for a bicameral national parliament and an executive branch under the purview of the British government. Although the national federation was never realised, nationwide elections for provincial assemblies were held in 1937. Despite initial hesitation, the Congress took part in the elections and won victories in seven of the eleven provinces of British India,[22] and Congress governments, with wide powers, were formed in these provinces. In Great Britain, these victories were to later turn the tide for the idea of Indian independence.[22]
With the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the viceroy, Lord Linlithgow, declared war on India’s behalf without consulting Indian leaders, leading the Congress provincial ministries to resign in protest. The Muslim League, in contrast, supported Britain in the war effort; however, it now took the view that Muslims would be unfairly treated in an independent India dominated by the Congress. The British government—through its Cripps’ mission—attempted to secure Indian nationalists’ cooperation in the war effort in exchange for independence afterwards; however, the negotiations between them and the Congress broke down. Gandhi, subsequently, launched the “Quit India” movement in August 1942, demanding the immediate withdrawal of the British from India or face nationwide civil disobedience. Along with all other Congress leaders, Gandhi was immediately imprisoned, and the country erupted in violent demonstrations led by students and later by peasant political groups, especially in Eastern United Provinces, Bihar, and western Bengal. The large war-time British Army presence in India led to most of the movement being crushed in a little more than six weeks;[23] nonetheless, a portion of the movement formed for a time an underground provisional government on the border with Nepal.[23] In other parts of India, the movement was less spontaneous and the protest less intensive, however it lasted sporadically into the summer of 1943.[24]
With Congress leaders in jail, attention also turned to Subhas Bose, who had been ousted from the Congress in 1939 following differences with the more conservative high command;[25] Bose now turned to the Axis powers for help with liberating India by force.[26] With Japanese support, he organised the Indian National Army, composed largely of Indian soldiers of the British Indian army who had been captured at Singapore by the Japanese. From the onset of the war, the Japanese secret service had promoted unrest in South east Asia to destabilise the British War effort,[27] and came to support a number of puppet and provisional governments in the captured regions, including those in Burma, the Philippines and Vietnam, the Provisional Government of Azad Hind (Free India), presided by Bose.[28] Bose’s effort, however, was short lived; after the reverses of 1944, the reinforced British Indian Army in 1945 first halted and then reversed the Japanese U Go offensive, beginning the successful part of the Burma Campaign. Bose’s Indian National Army surrendered with the recapture of Singapore, and Bose died in a plane crash soon thereafter. The trials of the INA soldiers at Red Fort in late 1945 however caused widespread public unrest and nationalist violence in India.[29]
In January 1946, a number of mutinies broke out in the armed services, starting with that of RAF servicemen frustrated with their slow repatriation to Britain.[30] The mutinies came to a head with mutiny of the Royal Indian Navy in Bombay in February 1946, followed by others in Calcutta, Madras, and Karachi. Although the mutinies were rapidly suppressed, they found much public support in India and had the effect of spurring the new Labour government in Britain to action, and leading to the Cabinet Mission to India led by the Secretary of State for India, Lord Pethick Lawrence, and including Sir Stafford Cripps, who had visited four years before.[30]
Also in early 1946, new elections were called in India in which the Congress won electoral victories in eight of the eleven provinces.[31] The negotiations between the Congress and the Muslim League, however, stumbled over the issue of the partition. Jinnah proclaimed August 16, 1946, Direct Action Day, with the stated goal of highlighting, peacefully, the demand for a Muslim homeland in British India. The following day Hindu-Muslim riots broke out in Calcutta and quickly spread throughout India. Although the Government of India and the Congress were both shaken by the course of events, in September, a Congress-led interim government was installed, with Jawaharlal Nehru as united India’s prime minister.
Later that year, the Labor government in Britain, its exchequer exhausted by the recently concluded World War II, decided to end British rule of India, and in early 1947 Britain announced its intention of transferring power no later than June 1948.
As independence approached, the violence between Hindus and Muslims in the provinces of Punjab and Bengal continued unabated. With the British army unprepared for the potential for increased violence, the new viceroy, Louis Mountbatten, advanced the date for the transfer of power, allowing less than six months for a mutually agreed plan for independence. In June 1947, the nationalist leaders, including Nehru and Abul Kalam Azad on behalf of the Congress, Jinnah representing the Muslim League, B. R. Ambedkar representing the Untouchable community, and Master Tara Singh representing the Sikhs, agreed to a partition of the country along religious lines. The predominantly Hindu and Sikh areas were assigned to the new India and predominantly Muslim areas to the new nation of Pakistan; the plan included a partition of the Muslim-majority provinces of Punjab and Bengal.
Many millions of Muslim, Sikh, and Hindu refugees trekked across the newly drawn borders. In Punjab, where the new border lines divided the Sikh regions in half, massive bloodshed followed; in Bengal and Bihar, where Gandhi’s presence assuaged communal tempers, the violence was more limited. In all, anywhere between 250,000 and 500,000 people on both sides of the new borders died in the violence.[32] On August 14, 1947, the new Dominion of Pakistan came into being, with Muhammad Ali Jinnah sworn in as its first Governor General in Karachi. The following day, August 15, 1947, India, now a smaller Union of India, became an independent country with official ceremonies taking place in New Delhi, and with Jawaharlal Nehru assuming the office of the prime minister, and the viceroy, Louis Mountbatten, staying on as its first Governor General.
—
Yogesh Kumar Saxena Advocate Supreme Court

Jai Raj Yadav < > wrote:

From: Munieshwer A. Sagar

Subject: The greatest Heist in Indian history..How Indian History was changed and we didn’t even notice

The greatest Heist in Indian history..How Indian History was changed and we didn’t even notice. Part 1:The lost eon 4th Century AD to 1174 A.D

The Gupta dynasty as a dynasty, ended in about 6th century AD. However, the last meaningful king that our History textbooks bother to mention is Chandragupta II, whose reign ended in 4th Century AD. And then, the scene is fast forwarded to the point where Mohammad Ghauri invaded India in 1191, to start the Delhi Sultanate which would then metamorphose into the Islamic Empire. What does the above line tell you?

It tells you that an average tenth grader actually knows nothing about what happened in India in the intervening period between the Guptas and the Delhi Sultanate (A time period of about 800 years). At least they do not think it was worth remembering. To be fair they are not to blame, especially when you consider our academicians have dedicated ONE  single Chapter in the Seventh standard History textbook, to cover the period when it was Indians who ruled the land..

Yes… ONE CHAPTER, COVERING A PERIOD OF A THOUSAND YEARS ENCOMPASSING THE WHOLE OF THE INDIAN CIVILAZTION. One Chapter from history lessons stretching across the fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and the tenth grades of CBSE. One insignificant chapter in over five years of schooling dealing with a period of more than one thousand years.

This is that chapter.. Click on the image if you have the time and patience to revisit your seventh standard History textbook

Now why only one chapter, is known only to the enlightened souls who designed those textbooks. And as a result of either their deliberate oversight or perhaps pure ineptitude, most of the school children do not know have any idea about

The Harsha Empire

This empire was founded by King Harshavardhana. This guy ascended the throne immediately after the Gupta dynasty, at an age when we aren’t allowed to have a driving license or have a drink. He became an emperor at the age of  sixteen in about 606 AD. He went on to capture what is today called North India (Including Kashmir) and Pakistan, His empire at its greatest extent looked something like this

He actually united all these states, something that we struggle to do even today!!!

He fought almost 300 battles in the 41 years he ruled with a win loss ratio that even Novak Djokovic would envy;  299-1. Uniting all these states, I guess was trouble even then.

Not only was he adept as a fighting machine, but actually authored three full length Sanskrit plays Ratnavali, Priyadarsika and Nagananda, while he was busy conquering.  Nagananda especially is considered one of the greatest plays ever written in Sanskrit literature. It is thought to be the first play ever to have five acts where the tone changes midway from Romance to horror and ends with the villain turning into the hero. This guy introduced plot twists and ‘cut to the chase‘ in the 6th century AD. And all of that was probably thought in the middle of a battle.

Amongst Harsha’s other achievements, was that he was the first to abolish Sati as a rule in his kingdom, some 800 years before Raja Ram Mohan Roy was even born. He was a major patron of the Nalanda University, and was the title sponsor of the ramparts around it, for protection from invaders and other pricks. No wonder Nalanda expanded singularly because of this guys patronage.

Harsha was the first King to have ever established a diplomatic relationship with China, with ambassadors and gifts being exchanged in 630 AD. And last but not the least the guy in the pic below lived  in the kingdom of Harsha, and was patronized by this emperor so that he could work on his field of expertise.

This was the guy who went on to INVENT THE ZERO!!!!

Surely Emperor Harsha deserves more than the 10 lines that he currently gets in our history textbook.

OR

The Pala dynasty

This dynasty was founded by Gopala in Bengal in the year 705 AD. This guy was not your run-of-the-mill type of tyrant that were prevalent those days.

Gopala was DEMOCRATICALLY elected by the people of his kingdom. He was the FIRST EVER democratically elected ruler in South Asia, perhaps even Asia and even the world. Giving people right to elect the ruler wasn’t the most fashionable thing those days you know!!!!

Legend goes that people of Bengal at that time were sick of repeated invasions, pillaging and general anarchy. So they got Gopala, the most powerful military dude in their kingdom, anointed him as their king. And boy did he rule! He and his successors ruled for the next 400 years. Yes… 4 centuries in all!

This was their empire at the peak of their power. Purely in terms of square kilometers, it exceeds even the Mughal Empire at its peak. Go figure….

Pala’s other achievements again had something to do with the Nalanda university. In those days, what would a king do if he captured a territory? His intentions would most probably be to rape, loot, pillage, plunder, destroy and disfigure, not necessarily in that order. And what did King Dhanapal do when he captured Nalanda? He adopted it and took it to even greater heights. And then figured one university was probably not enough. So he established the Vikaramashila University as well. These two universities are even today universally acknowledged to be the greatest universities ever in Indian History. One flourished under the Palas, and the other was established by them. And as a footnote, the entire region of Tibet adopted Buddhism because of this guy’s efforts. So the Dalai Lama, in some way, has to thank the Palas for his influence today.

So ruling almost the entire Indian Sub-continent (From Afghanistan to Myanmar), establishing not one but two of the greatest Universities of those times guarantees  you a place in the annals of history as a magnificent king. But then the Palas did not stop at that. They then went on to build the biggest ever Buddhist Vihara or monastery, ever. The Somapura Mahavira consisted of 177 cells for the monks to live with a magnificent stupa in the middle. The entire campus occupied about 30 acres and rivaled the Pyramids for its opulence, but with a fundamental difference. The Somapura Mahavira was actually useful. In those times you couldn’t have been a great Buddhist monk if you hadn’t been to Somapura.

Kicks ass…doesn’t it

Apparently, an archeologist named J.C.French wanted to excavate the site of Somapura, but was refused citing lack of funds. Pretty much the story of the shortchanging of this great empire by our history. They deserve more than the 7 lines they get in our history textbook.

OR

The Chalukyas

Remember the King Harsha you met two paragraphs ago where I told you that he had a battlefield win loss ratio of 299-1? Well,  The Chalukyas were responsible for that ‘one’ is his loss column.

And amongst many other things like inspiring the architecture that you have seen in Hampi, establishing and propagating the Kannada language, they also were the first ones in the world to legalize prostitution.

Poor souls don’t even get a mention in the text book.

Similarly

The Pallavas

You all know Chalukyas defeated the undefeated king Harsha right. But then shortly afterward,  Pallavas gave a bloody nose to the same empire which had defeated the then undefeated king. Pallavas ruled over the Chalukyas and most of India south of the Narmada for about 150 years.

They single-handedly built the rock-cut temple complex in Mahabalipuram. It is rumoured that half the temples are actually under the sea, so the Mahabalipuram complex is actually way more impressive than what is visible.

And it is in the Pallava kingdom, you have the genesis of the south-asian script or ‘Pallava Grantha’. Whenever and wherever you read Tamil or see it’s alphabets, remember that it had its origins in the Pallava Grantha. Here is a list of all the languages that owe its existence to the Pallava kingdom as their scripts have their root in this grantha

Tamil Telugu Malayalam Tulu Sinhalese Malay Bahasa Indonesia Thai

And how many pages does the great Pallava dynasty get in our textbook… u guessed it… ZERO.

and Finally

The Cholas

In a speaking convention, the best speaker is always reserved for the last. In a farwell party for your seniors, the most popular guy is always honoured last. So I am mentioning the most important empire in Pre-Islmic Indian history, which also happens to be the most shortchanged, The Cholas, Last.

Just to give you an idea, the Chola empire, if it existed today would have spanned

India Sri Lanka Bangladesh Myanmar Thailand Malaysia Indonesia Vietnam Singapore Maldives

Still not able to visualize the expanse of the Chola Empire, Let me help you

Clearly, Cholas did not know what the word small meant.

Cholas were one of the earliest empires in Indian history, with some estimates dating them back to almost 300 B.C. They are even mentioned by Emperor Ashoka in his pillars,  as a friendly empire in the south. Their recorded downfall is in the 1250′s. In pre-medieval India’s highly fluid power equations, the Chola empire was the one and perhaps the only constant.

The good stuff about the Cholas first. I am sure all of you must have heard of the beautiful and the grand temples all over Tamil Nadu. It was the Cholas who added the adjective grand before the temples. The kind of made it a fashion statement to build big temples, covered with intricate carvings, a trend which was essentially followed by his successors transcending empires.

Ever heard of the Brihadeeshwara Temple in Tanjore. It was built by Raja Raja Chola in the 11th century. Let me tell you some quick facts about this place of worship

The Shivling in this temple is the largest of its kind,  in the world. The Nandi outside, is, again, the largest in the world. The base of the temple is supposed to be so big, that the shadow of its massive ‘gopuram’ actually does not fall on the ground. The top of the ‘gopuram’ consists of a single granite stone weighing approximately 82 tonnes (82,000 Kgs for those weak in metrics). Now, this being 11th century AD, it was a problem getting that big piece of rock to a height of  63 Metres. So what did the Cholas do? Unsurprisingly they built the world’s largest transport ramp, using some kick-ass trigonometry, which stretched all the way to about 20 Kms, all the way inclining towards the top, which basically allowed the elephants to push the rock all the way up. Once on top, they sent masons to do some intricate carvings on that stone, as if somebody would notice at that height.

No wonder it is called ‘Big’ Temple

Any emperor or empire will consider this piece of art to be the peak of their artistic prowess which will be talked about for generations to come. But Cholas being the Cholas,  weren’t satisfied. Raja Raja’s son Rajendra went on to build an exact replica of this temple at a place called Gangai Konda Cholapuram, near the modern town of Chidambaram.

Two big temples, takes quite a beating doesn’t it. Sadly the second temple is not even mentioned in the history books, anywhere. None outside Tamil Nadu even know about its existence, even today.

And also did I tell you, the Cholas were the first in the world to build a fully functional water diversion/water regulation system in the world. Chola king Karikalan built this 329 feet stone dam over the river Kaveri and a network of canals, in 1st century AD, for water storage and irrigation. So when most of the western world was still eating raw animal flesh, Cholas were building dams, navigable canals and were irrigating 10,00,000 (1 Million) hectares of land in their kingdom.

And before I forget, the system they built is in use even today!!!

I don’t have to tell you whether our historians bothered to mention this thing in our textbook.

In case you think Cholas were your peace loving, violence shying role model Emperors, let me move on to some of  their badass stuff

Cholas pioneered in the 6th century what we today know as the Navy. Use of ships for fighting battles existed, Battle of Salamis was probably the first naval engagement ever recorded, but Cholas took Naval warfare to an entirely new level. They probably were the first ones to make their Navy a totally independent service with its own powers and not the extension of the army as was the norm then. They also were the first to pioneer the concept of building exclusive fighting ships and the first to implement the idea of fleets.

Their ship building program was instituted and ships were designed and built for different purposes. Trap ships (They called themselves ‘Kannis’ which means a ‘virgin’ in Tamil. They even had a sense of humour) to lure the enemies into traps, destroyers to do what their name suggests, supply ships etc were the some of the different types of Chola Naval vessels. Cholas also were one of the first to evolve strategic naval doctrines, advanced ship formations and naval warfare tactics.  They were the first ones to start operating ships in fleets. The smallest fleet in the Chola navy consisted of about 12 ships and the largest went up to 500 or more vessels.

In three words, They kicked ass…

And to match their tactical nous, they augmented their vessels with the then state of the art weaponry, both indigenous and imported from China. Their ships were equipped with catapults and probably the first ship-based flamethrowers. Chola navies were routinely known to annihilate enemies five times their number. The Chola navy, in one line, could be described as

Awesome tactics+Brilliant Ships+Latest Weaponry= Bad news for the enemy

This combination enabled Cholas, to practice the first ever recorded instance of what is today called ‘Gunboat Diplomacy’. Sri Vijaya empire, ruling Cambodia, had the guts to actually sack a Chola Merchant convoy. Cholas responded by taking two fleets of about 500 ships each and obliterating the Sri Vijaya kingdom out of existence.  The neighboring  king of Kambujadesa, terrified of what happened to his colleague, basically folded his hands, bowed his head and sent an ornamental chariot to appease the Cholas and declared them as his rulers. And Cholas didn’t even have to fire a single shot.

It is also believed by some sources, that Cholas because of a navigational error, landed in Sri Lanka by mistake. And just for fun, they went on to capture the entire country. There is no actual proof of this but knowing the Cholas, this is quite possible.

At their peak Chola ships consisted of about 1000-1500 battle ships divided into 4 fleets placed in strategic locations like Cambodia, Sri Lanka and Kaveripoompatinam in Tamil Nadu also known as Poompuhar. They were so powerful that the Chinese actually requested Cholas to stop the rampant piracy in the straits of Malacca. They even merited mentions in dispatches in faraway Greece for their naval expertise.

And they were no mugs on the land either. Recall the Gangai Konda Cholapuram temple built by Rajaendra Cholan? It literally means ‘Subduing of the river Ganges’. He built the city in honour of his march upto the Ganges river.  A south Indian empire stretching from the River Kaveri in the south all the way up to the River Ganga in the North deserves much better treatment in our history books. As one of my friend’s said, if the Cholas had been born in America, DC or Marvel comics would have transformed them into super-heroes with a body of adamantium. Because they were born in India, they get about a quarter page in the text-book.

There were in all a total of 16 Chola kings in the Chola Empire. For all of you who actually read that chapter, you will find only the names of two (Raja Raja Chola and Rajendra Chola) have been mentioned. And all the other kings and important details of their empire have been completely eliminated.

There were other empires too at that time who find next to no mention or even worse no mention at all in our History textbooks. The Rashtrakutas ruling what today will be Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra were singularly responsible for three of the top four tourist destinations in the state of Maharashtra today. I am talking about the Ajanta, Ellora and the Elephanta Caves. A Special mention to the Kailas temple in Ellora which is the world’s largest temple cut out of a single piece of rock.

This whole thing was built out of one single piece of rock!!!

Same was the case with the Yadavas, who built the fort of Devagiri or Daulatabad, made famous later by the idiot Mohammad Bin Tughlaq. You know why he specifically chose Devgiri to move his capital?

It is the only fort in recorded history that hasn’t yet fallen in an open battle. It was captured by Alaudiin Khilji through deceit and bribery, but was not won in a fight. Who built it..The Yadavs? Are they mentioned in the History textbook? If you said ‘No’, You got the answer right.

I am not against the lessons on the Islamic empire and their conquests, brutal as they may have been. They are a part of our history. But my question is, aren’t these emperors and their empires a part of our history too? Haven’t these empires contributed to our way of life, our values and principles more than the Islamic kings have ever done? And by eliminating these kingdoms from our history, aren’t you depriving our generation of this great knowledge?

And by this wholesale deletion, aren’t you mutilating history?

For all of you who have developed a sudden interest in the History of India, I will suggest this mind blowing book. Please buy it, the author deserves it.

From: Rajput < >

List of Hindu Temples destroyed by Islam

ONE MORE DEMAND, THE MOST IMPORTANT ONE:

We also need to show ETERNAL commitment to “AKHAND BHARAT”.

The goal may seem “impossible” to achieve now but so did Pakistan seem to Jinnah initially. The CHALLENGE was relatively the SAME but to the man of JIHADI Mental Disposition (Jinnah) it looked small but to the much bashed, battered and demoralised pacifist Gandhi it looked the size of an elephant.

Partition was the result of BULLYING by the Muslims- the aggression by a minority. It defied Logic, Reason, Secularism and Democracy. India emerged beaten, defeated, shaken, mauled and drastically reduced in size- and instantly “hijacked by a Bandit”.

Post Partition India was like a demolished house after Tsunami. We are the NATIVES with roots and stake in it, and have to REPAIR it, not leave it “bleeding”. It is OUR soil, and it is sacred to us.

Land is sacred. That is why our ancestors called it “Dharti Maata”. All the places of worship on it are also sacred and, therefore, must be recovered. Only in “Akhand Bharat” will our betrayed temples recover dignity, get repaired & maintained and receive pilgrims freely.

Here is a short list:

In Bangladesh:

Dhakeshwari Temple, Dhaka Kantaji Temple, Dinajpur Chandranath Temple, Chittagong Adinath Temple, Moheshkhali, Cox’s Bazar Bhabanipur Shaktipeeth, Bhabanipur, Sherpur Upazila, Bogra Ramna Kali Mandir in the Ramna area of Dhaka was the primary Hindu temple of East Bengal but was destroyed by the West Pakistan Army in March 1971. Jeshoreshwari Kali Temple, Shyamnagar, Satkhira Baba Lokenath Brahmachari Ashram, Barodi, Narayongonj Kal Bhairab Temple, Brahmanbaria Puthia Temple Complex, Rajshahi

In Azad Kashmir:

Sharada Peeth

In Balochistan

• Hinglaj, Hingol National Park

In Islamabad Capital Territory

• Saidpur Temple, Saidpur, Islamabad

In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

• Araya Temple, Nawanshehr area, Abbottabad (ruined/under illegal occupation)
• Shiva Temple and Dusehra House (old)- Abbottabad (ruined/under illegal occupation)
• Krishna Temple (old)–Abbottabad (destroyed/no building longer exists)
• Shiva Temple (ancient)- Mansehra, Chitti Gatti/Gandian location (in use)
• Shiva Temple (former, now a public library)– Mansehra town (no longer a temple)
• Bareri Mata/Durga Temple and Shrine, on Bareri hill–Mansehra (destroyed/no longer in regular use,location sometimes visited by pilgrims and tourists)
• Nandi Mandir – Peshawar
• Balmiki (Valmiki) Mandir – Peshawar
• Shiv Mandir – Nowshera
• Laxmi Narain Mandir – Mardan
• Kali Mandir – Dera Ismail Khan (illegally occupied being used as a hotel)

In West Punjab

• Aditya Sun temple – Multan
• Jagannath Temple – Sialkot
• Katasraj temple, Katas Village – Chakwal
• Krishna Temple, Ravi Road, Lahore
• Old Temple – Sialkot (not used)
• Sri Narasimha Temple – Multan
• Suraj Kund Temple – Multan.

In Sindh

• Samadha Ashram, Shikarpur, Sukkur
• Shankaranand Bharti, Shikarpur, Sukkur
• Khat Wari Darbar, Shikarpur, Sukkur
• Sadh Belo, Rohri, Sukkur
• Wasan Shah Darbar, Rohri, Sukkur
• Baba Garib Das Darbar, Gospur, Kandhkot
• Jhulay Lal Mandir, Bagarji, Sukkur
• GURU Nanik DASS Mandir, Shahdad Kot
• Baba Khat wala shahib Mandir, Shahdad Kot
• Shiv Mandir, Shahdad Kot
• Baba Hiradaram Mandir, Shahdad Kot
• Bhagnari Shiv Mandir, Kakri Ground – Karachi
• Darya Lal Sankat Mochan Mandir (also called Jhoolay Lal Mandir), Custom House – Karachi
• Devi Mandir, Bombay Bazar – Karachi
• Hanuman Mandir, Doli Khata – Karachi
• Hanuman Mandir, Frere Road – Karachi
• Hinglaj Mata Mandir, (also called Jagannath Akhra Mandir), Bhimpura – Karachi
• Kali Mata Temple – Umerkot
• Shiv Mandir – Umerkot
• Krishna Mandir – Umerkot
• Shri Laxmi Narayan Mandir, Native Jetty – Karachi
• Manhar Mandir Kathwari Mandir, Rancho Line – Karachi
• Mata Mandir, Doli Khata – Karachi
• Malir Mandir, Shah Faisal Colony – Karachi
• Narsingh Mahadev Mandir, Risala – Karachi
• Panjmukhi Mahraj Hanoman Mandir, Soldier Bazar – Karachi
• Pamwal Das Shiv Mandir, Baghdadi, Saddar – Karachi
• Purana Mandir, Saddar, – Karachi
• Rat Nageshwar Mahadev Mandir, Clifton – Karachi
• Ramchandra Mandir, Saddar – Karachi
• Ramswamy Mandir, Ramswamy – Karachi
• Sheetala Mata Mandir, Bhimpura, Karachi
• Shiv Mandir, Islamia College, Karachi
• Shri Laxmi Narayan Hanuman Mandir, Native Jetty – Karachi
• Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Muhammad Ali Jinnah Road – Karachi
• Shri Devi mata mander Chelhar Distt: Mithi Thar
• Shri murli mander chelhar Distt: Mithi Thar
• Shri Ramapi mander chelhar Distt: Mithi Thar
• Shiv mander chelhar distt: Mithi thar
• Kathwari Harijan MANHAR MANDIR
• Shri Punch Mukhi Hanuman Mandir, Garden East – Karachi
• Shri Varun Dev Mandir, Manora, Karachi, Pakistan
• Krishna Mandar kantio Tharparkar
• Shri Hanuman Mandir, JPMC Karachi
• Shri Mari Amman (Mata)Temple, JPMC F/Type Karachi
• Shri Mari Maata Mandir, Korangi Karachi
• Shri Murlidhar Mandir Mithi Tharparker
• Shri Krishna Mandar Mithi THARPARKER
• Shri Hanuman Mander Mithi Tharparkar
• Shri Pir Pithoro Mander Mithi Tharparkar
• Shri Ramapir Mander Mithi Tharparkar
• Shantoshi Maa Mander Mithi Tharparkar
• SHIV parvati Mander Mithi tharparkar
• Lokesh mander Mithi tharparkar

Are these places are holy and sacred to the Hindus and Sikhs like MECCA to the Mohammedans and Jerusalem to the Christians? Will the Muslims and the Christians ever surrender their historic mosques and churches in the Middle East to the Hindus and Sikhs?

Therefore, how are the HINDUS perceived by the ENEMY? Should we live under this shadow of surrender or “teach them a lesson” to REVISE their perception about us? What do all the Hindus think? What do we prefer: One day basking in the sun of victory, or a hundred years in the shadow of defeat?

We cannot accept mutilation of India (Partition) until there is REFERENDUM and EXCHANGE OF POPULAITON. Even the “Indian” Muslims are left divided and broken into three parts (Pakistani, Indian and the “Bogus deshi”!)

How do we assess their potential for destruction & mischief in the future? How will they react & behave In the current state of provocation and tensions (Owaisi’s threat to wipe out the Hindus in 15 minutes!)? Do we submit to living with the menace or nip the evil in the bud?

Will they not continue their JEHAD till they get Delhi like Lahore, and Kolkata like Karachi? What is the learned view of the Hindu nation under the perennial Islamic “siege”?

Demand for the ultimate national IDEAL called “Akhand Bharat” can never be time barred so long as there is even  one enemy (MUSLIM) present in HINDUSTHAN and the Hindus “dead as dodo” in Pakistan. Pakistan must go if we are to treat the INDIAN Muslims with trust.

Let us speak and write like brave MEN. Churchill promised VICTORY to his nation (in the full hearing & knowledge of our own “appeasing apostle” called MK Gandhi) soon after the evacuation from DUNKIRK, in the darkest hour of Britain. Churchill was not the trembling appeasing MK Gandhi.

Guru Gobind Singh ji created the FIVE warriors (Khalsa) to confront the mighty Evil Empire in order to TURN THE TIDE while he was himself being relentlessly pursued by the enemy after the beheading of his own father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, in Delhi.

Territory (LAND) is the ultimate goal of all invaders, predators and anti Hindu forces. For centuries now our leaders have not been able to peep into the minds of MULLAHS and MISSIONARIES. That is why that “political witch” Maimoona Begum (aka “Indira Gandhi”) did not lift a finger to raise SRI RAM TEMPLE in AYODHYA but attacked the centuries old sacred Harimandir Sahib Temple in AMRITSAR. We need to seriously analyze their actions and try to see their motives and motivation. We must not cremate the victims of Muslim attacks any more.

NB: The pseudo-secular “rubber stamp” President is sitting in the chair where since 1192 AD all the incumbents (emperors and Viceroys) have been provided by the INVADERS. Without exception they all came mainly for three goals, namely,  (1) LOOT, PLUNDER & RAPE, (2) to CONVERT the natives to their FOREIGN Faiths, and (3) to “de-Hinduise” the LAND.

Oracle said, “Give me a country for 30 days and I shall make them all behave like donkeys.” How true!

Within 30 days all the freedom fighters were shot or beheaded, the rest left intimidated and terrified, all the females of the defeated race were raped, all the holy places, schools and scriptures were destroyed, history was re-written, the subjugated people were made to creep & crawl before the rulers and ordered to learn and speak the language of the new masters. Can anyone disagree?

The nation needs a MAN, a WARRIOR, (even a female like Rani of Jhansi) once again, to encourage, inspire, recover, assume control and declare “Hindu Rashtra”.

– Rajput

March 10, 2013.

=======