HINDUS—ARISE, AWAKE!

HINDUS—ARISE, AWAKE!

 Sadhu Prof. V. Rangarajan
Founder & Spiritual Head, Sri Bharatamata Gurukula Ashram &
Yogi Ramsuratkumar Indological Research Centre,
Sister Nivedita Academy, Sri Bharatamata Mandir
Srinivasanagar, Krishnarajapuram, BANGALORE 560 036
email: sadhurangarajan@vsnl.com;
Phone: 080-25610935 /25613716, Cell: 09448275935

‘Super Terrorism’ against India

 

Hindu Nation is perched on the top of a volcano when the Hindu society is in deep slumber! According to Press Trust of India, a report of the Union Home Ministry warns that terror groups backed by Pakistan’s ISI could use chemical, biological, nuclear or radiological weapons against India initiating a form of ‘super terrorism’. The report also gives out the shocking news that ISI is spreading its tentacles in the country from Jammu and Kashmir to down south. South India is an important part of the ISI game plan since it is being targeted to recruit unemployed youths. The report further mentions that the Pakistan agency is also trying to liaison with the underworld in Gujarat and is using the coastal line for transporting arms and drug running operations. The National Security Advisor, Sri M.K. Narayanan, has revealed that there are as many as 800 terrorist cells operating in this country with ‘external support’ and these terror modules have been uncovered by intelligence agencies. He has also revealed that, after the exit of Musharraf, the threat from ISI is all the more increased.

 

Manifesto of Indian Mujahideen

 

Whom does the Islamic fundamentalists target and who are behind them? The renowned journalist and writer Sri M.V. Kamath has given a startling revelation that the Indian Mujahideen, which has claimed responsibility for the bomb blasts in Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Surat and Jaipur, has issued a manifesto in which it states that it is “raising the illustrious banner of Jihad against the Hindus and all those who fight and resist us, and have begun our revenge with the help and permission of Allah—a terrifying revenge of our blood, our lives and our honour that will, Insha Allah, terminate your (Hindu) survival on this land”. The manifesto also calls on the Hindus “to realize that the falsehood of your 33 crore dirty and idols and the blasphemy of your deaf, dumb, mute and naked idols of Ram, Krishna and Hanuman (words spelt in lower case) are not all going to save your necks from being slaughtered by our hands.” Additionally the manifesto demands that Hindus change their attitudes lest “another Ghauri shakes your foundations and lest another Ghaznavi massacre you, proving your blood to be the cheapest of all mankind”.

 

Fifth Column Supporting Aggression

 

Who are the supporters of this Jihad? Dr. Gautam Sen, who taught at the London School of Economics and Political Science for over two decades, points out: “Within India, some mosques and Madrasas are the fifth column that provides critical support for the aggression that it is encountering. Their role is to cultivate passive and active support for the Islamic onslaught. It entails ensuring that most Muslims refuse to cooperate in efforts to interdict Islamic terrorists by remaining silent spectators while the murderous bombings continue, provide safe havens in impenetrable Muslim areas for terrorists and a vital element of local manpower to the Pakistani and Saudi agencies engaged in terrorist activities.” Intelligence Bureau has stumbled upon a lead which points out that the Hyderabadi Moulana Nazeeruddhin arrested in connection with the assassination of Gujarat Home Minister Sri Haren Pandya and lodged in Sabarmaty had made calls to Pakistan on cell phone from the jail premises!

 

Patriotic Stand of Australian PM against Islamic Fundamentalists

 

Compare these startling revelations with an earlier statement of our Prime Minister, Sri Manmohan Singh, that though India had the largest number of Muslims living in a democratic polity, there are no Muslim supporters of Al Qaeda. The Jamaa-at-Islami leaders have the guts to say that even those suspected terrorists arrested in bomb blasts in various parts of the country are innocent and cases are foisted against them! The Indian Mujahideen takes pride in the achievements of Ghaznavi, Ghauri and Khilji, the invaders of Hindu India and aspires the advent of their prototypes to come again and destroy our temples and conquer our nation once again! And compare the soft approach of our Prime Minister and the ruling UPA leaders including the Congress President Sonia Gandhi towards the Islamic fundamentalists including Afzal Guru who tried to blast the Indian Parliament and who has been sentenced to death by the Supreme Court, to that of the Australian  Prime Minister, John Howard’s stand with regard to the Muslim fanatics in his country. He told Muslims who want to live under Islamic Shariat law to get out of Australia, as the government targeted radicals in a bid to head off potential terror attacks. In his unambiguous and unequivocal statement, Howard has warned: “Immigrants, not Australians, must adapt. Take it or leave it. I am tired of this nation worrying about whether we are offending some individual or their culture. Since the terrorist attacks on Bali, we have experienced a surge in patriotism by the majority of Australians. This culture has been developed over two centuries of struggles, trials and victories by millions of men and women who have sought freedom. We speak mainly ENGLISH, not Spanish, Lebanese, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Russian, or any other language. Therefore, if you wish to become part of our society, learn the language! Most Australians believe in God. This is not some Christian, right wing, political push, but a fact, because Christian men and women, on Christian principles, founded this nation, and this is clearly documented. It is certainly appropriate to display it on the walls of our schools. If God offends you, then I suggest you consider another part of the world as your new home, because God is part of our culture. We will accept your beliefs, and will not question why. All we ask is that you accept ours, and live in harmony and peaceful enjoyment with us. This is OUR COUNTRY, OUR LAND, and OUR LIFESTYLE, and we will allow you every opportunity to enjoy all this. But once you are done complaining, whining, and griping about Our Flag, Our Pledge, Our Christian beliefs, or Our Way of Life, I highly encourage you take advantage of one other great Australian freedom, ‘THE RIGHT TO LEAVE’. If you aren’t happy here then LEAVE. We didn’t force you to come here. You asked to be here. So accept the country YOU accepted.”

 

Congress and Vivisection of Bharat
When the Australian Prime Minister has the guts to ask the Islamic fundamentalists to leave his country if they are not happy with the Christian culture and ethos and could not adapt to the nationalism of his country, let us see what is happening in our country. Since times immemorial, Bharatavarsha has been a Hindu Rashtra. Even during the period of Islamic aggressions and European colonialism, the brave kings and emperors of our land continued their incessant battles against the aggressors. However, during the Islamic aggressions, millions of Hindus were butchered, Hindu women were raped and kidnapped and many were converted at the point of sword. The European colonialists also made use of their rule over India to plant Christianity in this nation and the Inquisitions like the Goa Inquisition and the onslaught on tribal communities, especially in the North East, left millions of Hindus annihilated and many converted forcibly into Christianity. When the final blow to the British empire in India was given by the Indian National Army of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose by creating mutiny in the British Indian Army, Navy and Air Force and the British had to leave the country, they played a very cunning game with the help of the Indian National Congress which was originally founded by a British national, A.O. Hume, to take the wind out of the patriotic and revolutionary movements in Bharat that emerged after first war of independence in 1857, and with the help of Muslim League which had the avowed object of bringing back Islamic rule in India, to divide India and weaken it for ever. On the eve of Indian independence, when the Congress politicians were eagerly preparing themselves to take over power from the white man and therefore willingly acceded to the vivisection of the country, a lone voice thundered from the South. It was Mahayogi Sri Aurobindo, speaking on the All India Radio from its Tiruchirapally Station, who issued a warning with deep foresight: “But the old communal division into Hindus and Muslims seems now to have hardened into a permanent political division of the country. It is to be hoped that this settled fact would not be accepted as settled forever or as anything more than a temporary expedient. For if it lasts, India may be seriously weakened, even crippled: civil strife may remain always possible, possible even a new invasion and foreign conquest. India’s internal development and prosperity may be impeded, her position among the nations weakened, her destiny impaired or even frustrated. This must not be; the partition must go”.

 

Woes of Kashmir Valley

 

The Muslim fundamentalists who managed to get the country divided and create an Islamic nation of Pakistan soon realized that the Congress rulers who came to power were more western oriented and were not inclined to accept the truth proclaimed by Sri Aurobindo that “Sanatana Dharma is Indian Nationalism”. When Sri Aurobindo was incarcerated in the Alipore Jail, he had the vision of Krishna Vasudeva from whom he received a message: “When you go forth, speak to your nation always this word, that it is for the Sanatan Dharma that they arise, it is for the world and not for themselves that they arise. I am giving them freedom for the service of the world. When therefore it is said that India shall rise, it is the Sanatan Dharma that shall rise. When it is said that India shall be great, it is the Sanatan Dharma that shall be great. When it is said that India shall expand and extend herself, it is the Sanatan Dharma that shall expand and extend itself over the world. It is for the Dharma and by the Dharma that India exists.” The atheistic, western educated and semi-Islamized Kashmiri Pandit, Jawaharlal Nehru, scoffed at the ideal of Hindu Nationalism and wanted to make India a “secular” country where Muslims, Christians and atheists including Communists would share power to systematically disintegrate the country and create new nations. The long rope given by the Congress Government under Nehru’s leadership to the Muslims in Kashmir, even to the extent of incorporating Article 370 in Indian constitution to make Kashmir the exclusive land of Muslims, gave an opportunity to Pakistan to occupy a part of the state and to set up Islamic terrorist cells in various parts of the state in order to annex the entire Kashmir into Pakistan.

 

Amarnath Issue

 

Then began the planned and systematic eviction of all non-Muslims, i.e., the Hindus and the Buddhists, from Kashmir valley. The Kashmiri Pandits were attacked and lakhs of them were killed and forced to flee from their home state. The land of Rishi Kashyapa, the land of Ksheer Bhavani, the holy land of Lord Amarnath, was vandalized. Thousands of Hindu temples including that of Ksheer Bhavani and Sharada Peetha were razed to the ground. Though Kashmir is an integral part of India, no Indian outside Kashmir could ever think of settling down in Kashmir or owning a piece of land there, though the Kashmiri Muslims could freely purchase land in any part of the country and settle down anywhere. The Pakistani militants sponsored by the ISI received the patronage and support of the Kashmiri Muslims to cut off the State from the mainland. Millions of Hindu pilgrims who visited the holy shirines of Amarnath and Vaishnodevi were targeted. In spite of that millions of Hindus have been travelling from other parts of the country to the holy pilgrimage centers in Jammu and Kashmir. Finding that the visit of Hindu pilgrims to the holy shrines brought hefty income into the state treasury, the Coalition Government of Jammu Kashmir headed by Ghulam Nabi Azad of the Congress and supported by People’s Democratic Party of Mufti Mohammad Syed agreed to make some amenities to the visiting pilgrims and transfer 80 acres of land on the snowy mountain slope to the Shri Amarnath Shrine Board to set up temporary shelters during the months of July and August every year when the Amarnath Yatra takes place. However, when the Islamic fundamentalists strongly objected to the entertainment of Hindu pilgrims marching into Muslim majority Kashmir, the PDP, whose minister originally passed the order allotting the land, bolted out and resigned in protest against the transfer, and the Government withdrew the order. It was indeed a blessing in disguise, because the entire Hindu society in the country got awakened to the realities and came to know what is in store for them in their Hindu India. The whole nation rose in protest and there was bloodshed and violence in Jammu as well as Kashmir. Ultimately the Congress-led UPA Government has conceded the right of the Amarnath Shrine Board to get the land once again allotted to them. However, the PDP leader Mehbooba Mufti has condemned the move as a “unilateral decision” without considering the sentiments of the majority community in the State. The Kashmiri Muslims want the Government of India to consider “the sentiments of the majority community in the State”, but they will not consider the sentiments of the majority community in the entire nation, because they do not consider India as their motherland or Kashmir as a part of Indian nation. It is not only the Kashmiri Muslims who consider the rest of India as an alien land. The Madrasas throughout the country and the Mullahs and Moulvis all over India brainwash the Muslim population with the theory that India is a Kafir’s land and it is their sacred duty to make it into the land of Allah through Jihad.

 

Christian Fundamentalists and Communist Maoists

 

Islamic fundamentalism is only one of the three forces that are targeting the integrity and independence of the Indian nation. The other two forces are the Christian fundamentalist force and the Communist Maoist force. What has happened in Orissa recently has very clearly brought to light the fact that these two forces are now launching a combined operation to destroy Hindu society and Hindu Nation. Ever since the European colonization of India, Christian missionaries have been actively converting the poor and downtrodden sections of the population, especially in tribal areas, into Christianity in order to perpetuate the interests of the European powers. At the time of Indian independence, when the Muslims succeeded in carving out a Pakistan, the Christians planned to create a Christianistan in the North East where they have already converted a large number of tribals, especially in areas like Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh. The American and European Christian organizations also have come forward to pump in millions of dollars to promote Christian militant groups in these areas. It must be interesting for us to appraise now to what extent the insurgency in Nagaland has grown. A New Delhi report in the Indian Express, Madras, dated as early as January 25, 1995, said: “Two years ago, an underground Nagaland outfit self-styling itself ‘Government of the People’s Republic of Nagaland’ levied an annual servicing tax on hoteliers in the State. A sum of Rs.30,000 had to be paid  secretly towards the National movement for the sacred cause of the Nagas”. The report further said that “sometimes even high ranking police and Government officials, especially the non Nagas and political leaders pay their share of taxes to the current underground outfits such as ‘Kahaplang’ and the ‘Issac Monvie faction’. The newspaper further reported the claim of Col. (Retd) Dharam Vir Kataria, Secretary General, International Sprititaul Peace Mission for the unification of Religions that even the advisor to the then Nagaland’s Governor Lokanath Mishra, admitted paying money to these insurgents. The Mission has taken up the cause of Nagaland and The North-East region where it says a nexus has been established between Pakistan’s Inter Service Intelligence (ISI) insurgents and the illegal Muslim immigrants from neighbouring Bangladesh.”

 

When Pope John Paul visited India as the head of Vatican State, he had the courage to declare openly standing on the Indian soil that their goal is to convert India into “the land of Christ”. The emergence of Sonia Gandhi as the leader of the Indian National Congress has given a boost to Christian conversion activities throughout the country. Evangelists like Benny Hinns found a rousing welcome into India to speed up the proselytization activities. It is a known fact that CIA agents in the garb of Evangelical workers accompanied Benny Hinns. Padam D. Sharma, IPS (Retd), in his book titled “Inter Services Intelligence of Pakistan and Its Activities” has thrown light on the nexus of ISI with CIA and says, “The CIA and the ISI worked hand in glove during the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. The CIA heavily relied on the good offices of the ISI to train Taliban Mujahideen to fight against the Soviet forces.”

 

Cold-blooded Murder of Swami Lakshmanananda

 

If Christian fundamentalist forces could join hands with Islamic fundamentalists to destroy their common enemy, there is no wonder that in the recent attack on the Ashram of the Hindu monk and Vishwa Hindu Parishad leader, Swami Lakshmanananda at Jaleshpada, who had been rendering yeoman service for the last forty two years among the adivasis in Kandhamal district of Orissa, they joined hands with the Maoists to gun down the Swami and his disciples Swami Arupananda, Swami Chinmayananda and Mata Bhaktimayi, in the presence of 130 children of the orphanage run by the swami, on the Krishna Janmashthami Day when the devotees were all engaged in a Bhajan satsang. The swamiji’s work among the adivasis was a great hindrance to the proselytization activities of the Christian missionaries while it also prevented the recruitment of terrorists by the militant Maoists. The people belonging to the Pana community had deserted Hinduism and got converted to Christianity and therefore they became ineligible for the concessions given to the scheduled tribes like Kandhas belonging to the Hindu society. Many of them had joined the Maoist and naxalite movements. It is all the more shocking that the reports from Kandhamal point out the involvement of Radha Kant Naik, a Congress Member of Rajya Sabha and a pet of Sonia Gandhi, who is a Pana converted to Christianity and who is the Patron of a Christian NGO, ‘World Vision’, in the murder of the swami. There were already nine attempts made earlier by these anti-Hindu forces to kill the swami and appeals were made to the Orissa Government to protect the swami. However, the state machinery failed and the eighty-year-old Swami was made a victim of cold-blooded murder. When there was a nationwide protest against the atrocious deed and violence erupted in various parts of the State as a backlash in which Christian institutions were targeted, Pope Benedict of Vatican came forward with a statement condemning the attack on Christians and the All India Christian Council and all Bishops and Archbishops called for a nationwide band of all educational institutions run by the missionaries. They did not consider the killing of the swami and his disciples by the Christian and Maoist militants as atrocious, but the violent reaction to it from the Hindus is according to them high handed. And the Communist Party of Maoists has come out with an open statement claiming responsibility for the killing of the Swami belonging to VHP and warning the Hindus that there would be “many more such punishments if they continued the violence against the religious minorities in the country”.

 

Communist-Muslim Militant Nexus

 

The Muslim appeasement policies of Buddhadev Bhattacharya Government in West Bengal has emboldened Muslim militants belonging to the Communist Party (Marxist) to engage themselves in murderous assaults on innocent Hindus. The first major attack was reported in Gangasagar, the holy confluence of River Ganga and the Bay of Bengal on June 12, this year. About 200 Hindus had gathered there to have a holy dip and to listen to discourses on Hinduism by religious leaders under the auspices of Hindu Samhati Manch. The Samhati had planned a three-day training camp and workshop on the current socio-political scenario of Eastern India. A frenzied 3000-strong Muslim mob led by a local CPM leader Sheikh Ismail pounced on them with deadly weapons. The reason for the attack was that the participants in the Hindu congregation raised slogans like “Jai Sri Ram!” and “Bharat Mata ki Jai!” The goons also set fire to a guesthouse of the VHP. Strangely the police remained onlookers during the murderous attack and later arrested the Samhati leaders for organizing the Hindu congregation!

 

The second major attack was reported on July 8 when Swami Punyalokananda, a monk of the Ramakrishna Order and President of Ramakrishna Ashram at Gorehat under Joynagar police station in South 24-Parganas was stripped and beaten up by Muslim CPM goons. The Swamiji, who had taken initiation from Swami Gambhirananda Maharaj, the 11th President of Ramakrishna Math and Mission, Belur, Howrah, was devoted to the upliftment of the poor and underprivileged people in Gorehat. Swamiji was trying hard to start a free coaching centre for the primary school boys and homeopathic dispensary in the Ashram campus. But a local CPM leader, Mohammad Abdur Ali and his associates planned to set up a country liquor shop after capturing the Ashram premises. They attacked the swami with iron rods and lathis and tied him to a tree before stripping him off of his ochre robes and beat him mercilessly till he lost consciousness. The local people in hundreds witnessed the ghastly scene but dared not to confront the goons. The police later registered a case, but did not arrest any culprit, fearing the wrath of Muslim fundamentalists and the red eyes of the ruling Communists.

 

Not only in Bengal, but even in the Marxist ruled Kerala, Islamic fundamentalism is getting protection and patronage. The Student Islamic Movement of India, spearheading bomb blasts in various parts of the country, has been conducting camps in Kerala to train the militants and Islamic terrorists from various parts of the country have been attending these camps. The militant Muslims clear the Malabar Coast of all Hindus so that it would be easy for Islamic nations to set up their spy camps and bring terrorists from Islamic countries into India. However, the ruling Congress and the so called secular political parties, who are almost convinced now that the majority of the Hindu votes in the forthcoming elections to the parliament and to the state assemblies will go only to the Hindu nationalist parties, are vying with each other in garnering the minority votes for their political survival and they are not prepared to antagonize the Muslim and Christian vote bank.

 

 

 

The Indifference of Hindu Elite and Spiritual Leaders

 

Now the question that arises is what is the reaction of the millions of Hindus all over the country to this grave threat that is staring at the Hindu nation and society. When Hindus settled in Christian countries like America and England are vociferous in condemning the atrocities against their brethren in their homeland Bharatavarsha, the vast majority of the elite Hindus and, more shockingly and surprisingly, the so called Hindu religious and spiritual leaders within the country are silent witnesses to all that happens around them. When Hindu swamis are attacked in Kerala, Orissa and Bengal, our so-called Dharma Acharyas all over the country have no courage to condemn the attacks. When the Christian missionaries, bishops and archbishops all over the country protest against the retaliatory action against the Christian militants in Orissa who killed Swami Lakshmanananda, and when Muslim Mullahs and Moulvis try to defend the Islamic fundamentalists, the Hindu sadhus and saannyasis all over the country have no guts to come forward to raise their voice unitedly. Even the attack on the Swami of Ramakrishna Order could not be condemned by such a big organization like Sri Ramakrishna Mission, leave alone the other big Hindu spiritual organizations and spiritual leaders. The great patriot monk, Swami Rama Tirtha, was right when he said that in India, at his time, there were more than fifty lakhs of sadhus and sannyasins, but only a handful of them were like beautiful lotuses in a lake and all the rest were useless scum that covered the lake. Is it not absolutely true with regard to Bharatavarsha of the present time? We cannot blame the sadhus, sannyasins, mutt heads and spiritual leaders of the present day, because most of them have taken to the robe of a religious leader as it is the most lucrative profession today which would bring them huge fortunes with the least investment and effort. Once they amass the wealth, their prime responsibility becomes the protection of their own institutions and properties and pleasing their so called devotees, especially with various political leanings, who hover around them with equal selfishness and materialist moorings. Therefore, naturally, they are the least concerned about what happens to the Hindu society, culture and ethos and the Hindu nation.

 

Unstinted Patriotism—The Only Way To Save the Nation

 

What is the way out of this present imbroglio? In a forest, there are many species of animals, right from the fearful rabbits, antelopes, cunning wolves and foxes to strong elephants and mighty tigers and lions. Similarly, in the Hindu society also there is variety of people. There are lions and tigers among them and during the struggle for India’s freedom, the country witnessed the valour and courage of brave revolutionaries and freedom fighters like Mangaal Pande, Rani Jhansi, Nana Saheb, Vasudev Balwant  Phadke, Veer Savarkar, Bhaga Jatin, Bhagat Singh, Chandrasekhar Azad and Netaji Subhas. In the present day Hindu society also, such valour and courage is not wanting, but they are to be identified and moulded into powerful forces to protect the Hindu Dharma and Hindu Nation. It could be done only by patriotic and utterly selfless Dharma Acharyas like Samarth Ramdas, Vidyaranya, Vivekananda, Rama Tirtha, Sri Aurobindo, Swami Dayananda, Swami Shraddhananda and Sister Nivedita. There are still quite a few bold and fearless spiritual leaders in the country and they must come forward to train the heroes and heroins of Bharat who will, under their able guidance, offer their all at the altar of the Motherland. It is possible only if they are prepared to renounce once for all their attachments to their cults, sampradayas, missions and mutts and come forward to embrace the entire Hindu society as their children and, like the Santans of the Ananda Math of Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, adore and worship Bharatamata as the Supreme Goddess above all the thirty three crores of Gods and Goddesses. Under their guidance and inspiration, millions of young men and women must come out of the narrow confines of caste, creed, cult, language, sampradaya, etc., and declare themselves as the brave warriors of Mother Bharat. There should be absolute unity and brotherhood among all these Acharyas and among the valiant Hindu youth and then only we could create a formidable force to confront all the anti-national forces and save the country from a grave disaster that it is facing today. There are quite a number of Hindu organizations and outfits who sincerely aspire for the rising up of our nation as the Loka Guru, but the urge for domination and senseless egoism prevents the leaders of these organizations to come under one banner or on one platform. This bloated ego and egocentric desires are to be wiped out if they really want their dream to be realized. There should be a federal council consisting of representatives of all Hindu religious, spiritual and social organizations, a forum like Hindu Human Rights Organization to protect the human rights of Hindus to whichever sect or sampradaya they may belong and a militant Hindu Khalsa consisting of valiant Hindu youth from each and every Hindu family who will unhesitatingly offer their lives to defend the society and nation. If the Christian militants loyal to their European and American masters, the Islamic terrorists loyal to Pakistan and Arab countries, and the Maoist revolutionaries loyal to China could take up guns and bombs to destroy the safety and security of our nation, the Hindu youth have every right to wield more powerful weapons to annihilate these anti-national forces and protect the nation and society, especially when the Central and State Governments are under the thumb of these forces and are incapable of protecting the country. The first and foremost step towards achieving this goal is to establish temples dedicated to Bharatamata in every nook and corner of the country where Hindus of all sects, sampradayas, hues and colours will congregate without any differences and distinctions and offer worship jointly to the Mother. The auspicious days like Navaratri and Akshaya Tritiya should be celebrated all over the country by the entire Hindu society as the holy days to worship Sri Bharatamata. In every Hindu temple there should be an idol of Sri Bharatamata to which worship should be offered by the devotees. In every Hindu home, the members of the family should touch the Mother Earth early in the morning when they get up from the bed and chant the hymn, “Samudra vasane devi parvata sthana mandale, Vishnupatnee namastubhyam, paadasparsham kshamaswa me”—“Oh Divine Mother wrapped by the three oceans as Thy robe, and with mountains as Thy breasts, Oh Consort of Lord Vishnu (Rajalakshmi), I salute Thee, please forgive me for my blasphemous act in placing my feet on You when I stand on my legs.” And all the members of the family should sit in front of a portrait or idol of Sri Bharatamata and sing the Bharata Bhakti Stotra. In all Hindu religious congregations the immortal song, Vande Mataram, should be sung. The day this dream is fulfilled there will arise salvation to the Hindu Nation and Hindu society. Will the Hindu society hearken to this call, arise and awake? Time alone will give the answer. Vande Mataram!

 

The Kind of Temples the Hindus Need

The Kind of Temples
the Hindus Need
by S. Vyas

    The Hindu communities all over the world have temples of God and demigods (devas/devies) worship.  However, all temples are not run is same way.  What would be a best way to run a temple?  To answer  it, we need to consider the mission of a temple.

A Temple’s Mission:

  • A place to worship God/ deva/ devi.
  • A place where children and people could learn what is Hinduism and how to practice it correctly.
  • A place to learn about the pastimes of God, devas, and devies.
  • A place for listening religious discourses, and doing bhajan kirtana.
  • A place to glorify God and His great devotees.
  • A place to seek association of devotees and saints/ sanyasis/ sadhus.
  • A place to conduct samskaras, ceremonies and festivals.
  • A place to religiously celebrate birthdays, anniversaries, graduations, new home or business opening, etc.
  • A place to conduct classes for Sanskrit and other Bharatiya languages.
  • A place to use all arts to glorify God and Sanatana Dharma.
  • A place with a little facility where sadhus (or some one in emergency difficult time) can stay for a short time.
  • A place where one can practice yagna, daana, and tapa.
  • A place whose programs build unity among Hindus first, and then all the people.
  • A place where the Hindus can be made aware of the threats to Hinduism and decide to take action necessary to protect Hindus and Hinduism.

Now let us see how a temple should be run.

God, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, is one.  He is for all living beings.  Therefore, a temple should provide equal access to services to all persons.  It should not matter whether one is rich or poor, king or beggar, famous or infamous.  If one comes to temple for darshana, then one should get it without any discrimination.

Temples receive donations and fees for religious services.  These funds should be used for temple maintenance and expansion as necessary.  It should be used to promote Sanatana Dharma.  It should be used for helping those who are in need and less fortunate with the intent that they become Krishna conscious.  (God is a vague term.  So, Sri Prabhupada prefers to use Krishna word.)  A temple should not become a money making business.

Each temple should have a religious news letter and or a web site.  A temple should be run under the religious guidance of a guru who is initiated in a bona fide parampara.  In the absence of a qualified guru, a groups of disciples of a guru could run it per guidance from the guru, saadhu, and shastras.  A temple should not become a place of local personal politics.

A temple should not allow smoking, drugs (including caffeine), gambling, meat eating, violence, or lust inducing or induced activity on temple premises or in the surrounding area.  A temple should have manpower, means, and a process available to control these irreligious things.

A temple with one main deity is best.  Krishna or any of His incarnation deity serves all the religious purpose of life.  A temple should not become a museum of all the deities of devas, devies, and Krishna.  This is because saadhanaa for each deity is different, and could be conflicting with each other.  If it is a temple of a deva or devi, then it should be understood that a deva or devi is not the Supreme being, because the Supreme could be only one and not many.  If this rule is not followed, then no temple would agree as to who is the Supreme.  This then causes disunity, and the Hindus become a laughing stock for the non Hindus.  Remember what Krishna has said in Gita:

… aham.h aadirhidevaanaam  ..
… mayaadhaksheNa pR^iti ..
… aham bIjaprada pitaa …

 

The GM genocide in India

The GM genocide:

Thousands of Indian farmers are committing suicide after using genetically modified crops

 

By Andrew Malone

Last updated at 12:48 AM on 03rd November 2008

 

When Prince Charles claimed thousands of Indian farmers were killing themselves after using GM crops, he was branded a scaremonger. In fact, as this chilling dispatch reveals, it’s even WORSE than he feared.

 

The children were inconsolable. Mute with shock and fighting back tears, they huddled beside their mother as friends and neighbours prepared their father’s body for cremation on a blazing bonfire built on the cracked, barren fields near their home.

 

As flames consumed the corpse, Ganjanan, 12, and Kalpana, 14, faced a grim future. While Shankara Mandaukar had hoped his son and daughter would have a better life under India’s economic boom, they now face working as slave labour for a few pence a day.

 

Landless and homeless, they will be the lowest of the low. Shankara, respected farmer, loving husband and father, had taken his own life. Less than 24 hours earlier, facing the loss of his land due to debt, he drank a cupful of chemical insecticide. Unable to pay back the equivalent of two years’ earnings, he was in despair. He could see no way out. There were still marks in the dust where he had writhed in agony. Other villagers looked on – they knew from experience that any intervention was pointless – as he lay doubled up on the ground, crying out in pain and vomiting. Moaning, he crawled on to a bench outside his simple home 100 miles from Nagpur in central India. An hour later, he stopped making any noise. Then he stopped breathing. At 5pm on Sunday, the life of Shankara Mandaukar came to an end.

 

Human tragedy: A farmer and child in India’s ‘suicide belt’

The GM genocide: Thousands of Indian farmers are committing suicide after using genetically m… Page 1 of 6

11/6/2008

As neighbours gathered to pray outside the family home, Nirmala Mandaukar, 50, told how she rushed back from the fields to find her husband dead. ‘He was a loving and caring man,’ she said, weeping quietly. ‘But he couldn’t take any more. The mental anguish was too much. We have lost everything.’ Shankara’s crop had failed – twice. Of course, famine and pestilence are part of India’s ancient story. But the death of this respected farmer has been blamed on something far more modern and sinister: genetically modified crops. Shankara, like millions of other Indian farmers, had been promised previously unheard of harvests and income if he switched from farming with traditional seeds to planting GM seeds instead. Beguiled by the promise of future riches, he borrowed money in order to buy the GM

seeds. But when the harvests failed, he was left with spiralling debts – and no income. So Shankara became one of an estimated 125,000 farmers to take their own life as a result of the ruthless drive to use India as a testing ground for genetically modified crops.

 

The crisis, branded the ‘GM Genocide’ by campaigners, was highlighted recently when Prince Charles claimed that the issue of GM had become a ‘global moral question’ – and the time had come to end its unstoppable march. Speaking by video link to a conference in the Indian capital, Delhi, he infuriated bio-tech leaders and some politicians by condemning ‘the truly appalling and tragic rate of small farmer suicides in India, stemming… from the failure of many GM crop varieties’. Ranged against the Prince are powerful GM lobbyists and prominent politicians, who claim that genetically modified crops have transformed Indian agriculture, providing greater yields than ever before. The rest of the world, they insist, should embrace ‘the future’ and follow suit. So who is telling the truth? To find out, I travelled to the ‘suicide belt’ in Maharashtra state.

 

What I found was deeply disturbing – and has profound implications for countries, including Britain, debating whether to allow the planting of seeds manipulated by scientists to circumvent the laws of nature. For official figures from the Indian Ministry of Agriculture do indeed confirm that in a huge humanitarian crisis, more than 1,000 farmers kill themselves here each month.

 

Simple, rural people, they are dying slow, agonising deaths. Most swallow insecticide – a pricey substance they were promised they would not need when they were coerced into growing expensive GM crops. It seems that many are massively in debt to local money-lenders, having over-borrowed to purchase GM seed. Pro-GM experts claim that it is rural poverty, alcoholism, drought and ‘agrarian distress’ that is the real reason for the horrific toll.

But, as I discovered during a four-day journey through the epicentre of the disaster, that is not the full story.

 

Distressed: Prince Charles has set up charity Bhumi Vardaan Foundation to address the plight of suicide farmers

 

The GM genocide: Thousands of Indian farmers are committing suicide after using genetically m… Page 2 of 6

11/6/2008

 

In one small village I visited, 18 farmers had committed suicide after being sucked into GM debts. In some cases, women have taken over farms from their dead husbands – only to kill themselves as well. Latta Ramesh, 38, drank insecticide after her crops failed – two years after her husband disappeared when the GM debts became too

much. She left her ten-year-old son, Rashan, in the care of relatives. ‘He cries when he thinks of his mother,’ said the dead woman’s aunt, sitting listlessly in shade near the fields.

 

Village after village, families told how they had fallen into debt after being persuaded to buy GM seeds instead of traditional cotton seeds. The price difference is staggering: £10 for 100 grams of GM seed, compared with less than £10 for 1,000 times more traditional seeds. But GM salesmen and government officials had promised farmers that these were ‘magic seeds’ – with better crops that would be free from parasites and insects.

 

Indeed, in a bid to promote the uptake of GM seeds, traditional varieties were banned from many government seed banks. The authorities had a vested interest in promoting this new biotechnology. Desperate to escape the grinding poverty of the post independence years, the Indian government had agreed to allow new bio-tech giants, such as the U.S. market-leader Monsanto, to sell their new seed creations. In return for allowing western companies access to the second most populated country in the world, with more than one billion people, India was granted International Monetary Fund loans in the Eighties and Nineties, helping to launch an economic revolution. But while cities such as Mumbai and Delhi have boomed, the farmers’ lives have slid back into the dark ages. Though areas of India planted with GM seeds have doubled in two years – up to 17 million acres – many famers have found there is a terrible price to be paid.

 

Death seeds: A Greenpeace protester sprays milk-based paint on a Monsanto research soybean field near Atlantic, Iowa

 

The GM genocide: Thousands of Indian farmers are committing suicide after using genetically m… Page 3 of 6

11/6/2008

 

Far from being ‘magic seeds’, GM pest-proof ‘breeds’ of cotton have been devastated by bollworms, a voracious parasite. Nor were the farmers told that these seeds require double the amount of water. This has proved a matter of life and death. With rains failing for the past two years, many GM crops have simply withered and died, leaving the farmers with crippling debts and no means of paying them off.

 

Having taken loans from traditional money lenders at extortionate rates, hundreds of thousands of small farmers have faced losing their land as the expensive seeds fail, while those who could struggle on faced a fresh crisis. When crops failed in the past, farmers could still save seeds and replant them the following year. But with GM seeds they cannot do this. That’s because GM seeds contain so- called ‘terminator technology’, meaning that they have been genetically modified so that the resulting crops do not produce viable seeds of their own. As a result, farmers have to buy new seeds each year at the same punitive prices. For some, that means the difference between life and death.

 

Take the case of Suresh Bhalasa, another farmer who was cremated this week, leaving a wife and two children.

As night fell after the ceremony, and neighbours squatted outside while sacred cows were brought in from the fields, his family had no doubt that their troubles stemmed from the moment they were encouraged to buy BT Cotton, a geneticallymodified plant created by Monsanto.

 

‘We are ruined now,’ said the dead man’s 38-year-old wife. ‘We bought 100 grams of BT Cotton. Our crop failed twice. My husband had become depressed. He went out to his field, lay down in the cotton and swallowed insecticide.’

 

Villagers bundled him into a rickshaw and headed to hospital along rutted farm roads. ‘He cried out that he had taken the insecticide and he was sorry,’ she said, as her family and neighbours crowded into her home to pay their respects. ‘He was dead by the time they got to hospital.’

 

Asked if the dead man was a ‘drunkard’ or suffered from other ‘social problems’, as alleged by pro-GM officials, the quiet, dignified gathering erupted in anger. ‘No! No!’ one of the dead man’s brothers exclaimed. ‘Suresh was a good man. He sent his children to school and paid his taxes.

 

‘He was strangled by these magic seeds. They sell us the seeds, saying they will not need expensive pesticides but they do. We have to buy the same seeds from the same company every year. It is killing us. Please tell the world what is happening here.’

 

Monsanto has admitted that soaring debt was a ‘factor in this tragedy’. But pointing out that cotton production had doubled in the past seven years, a spokesman added that there are other reasons for the recent crisis, such as ‘untimely rain’ or drought, and pointed out that suicides have always been part of rural Indian life.

 

Officials also point to surveys saying the majority of Indian farmers want GM seeds – no doubt encouraged to do so by aggressive marketing tactics. During the course of my inquiries in Maharastra, I encountered three ‘independent’ surveyors scouring villages for information about suicides. They insisted that GM seeds were only 50 per cent more expensive – and then later admitted the difference was 1,000 per cent.

 

(A Monsanto spokesman later insisted their seed is ‘only double’ the price of ‘official’ non-GM seed – but admitted that the difference can be vast if cheaper traditional seeds are sold by ‘unscrupulous’ merchants, who often also sell ‘fake’ GM seeds which are prone to disease.)

 

With rumours of imminent government compensation to stem the wave of deaths, many farmers said they were desperate for any form of assistance. ‘We just want to escape from our problems,’ one said. ‘We just want help to stop any more of us dying.’

 

Prince Charles is so distressed by the plight of the suicide farmers that he is setting up a charity, the Bhumi Vardaan Foundation, to help those affected and promote organic Indian crops instead of GM.

 

India’s farmers are also starting to fight back. As well as taking GM seed distributors hostage and staging mass protests, one state government is taking legal action against Monsanto for the exorbitant costs of GM seeds.

This came too late for Shankara Mandauker, who was 80,000 rupees (about £1,000) in debt when he took his own life. ‘I told him that

 

The GM genocide: Thousands of Indian farmers are committing suicide after using genetically m… Page 4 of 6

11/6/2008

 

Find this story at www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1082559/The-GM-genocide-Thousands-Indian-farmers-committingsuicide- using-genetically-modified-crops.html

 

German View on Terrorism

From: CRISPIN CATALAN <criscatalan@verizon.net>
Date: Wed, Dec 16, 2009 at 8:12 AM
Subject: Fw: German View on Terrorism

..
Subject: FW: German View on Terrorism
As I mentioned once, our daughter-in-law (who’s father survived Bergen-Belsen) has long maintained
that without the silent majority of Muslims speaking out history will repeat itself. She sent this to me as
she feels it expresses her fears/concerns better than she can.
Sharon
This is by far the best explanation of the Muslim terrorist situation I have ever read. His references to
past history are accurate and clear. Not long, easy to understand, and well worth the read. The author of
this email is said to be Dr. Emanuel Tanay, a well-known and well-respected psychiatrist.
A German’s View on Islam
A man, whose family was German aristocracy prior to World War II, owned a number of large
industries and estates. When asked how many German people were true Nazis, the answer he gave can
guide our attitude toward fanaticism. ‘Very few people were true Nazis,’ he said, ‘but many enjoyed the
return of German pride, and many more were too busy to care. I was one of those who just thought the
Nazis were a bunch of fools. So, the majority just sat back and let it all happen. Then, before we knew it,
they owned us, and we had lost control, and the end of the world had come. My family lost everything. I
ended up in a concentration camp and the Allies destroyed my factories.’
We are told again and again by ‘experts’ and ‘talking heads’ that Islam is the religion of peace and that
the vast majority of Muslims just want to live in peace. Although this unqualified assertion may be true,
it is entirely irrelevant. It is meaningless fluff, meant to make us feel better, and meant to somehow
diminish the spectre of fanatics rampaging across the globe in the name of Islam.
The fact is that the fanatics rule Islam at this moment in history. It is the fanatics who march. It is the
fanatics who wage any one of 50 shooting wars worldwide. It is the fanatics who systematically
slaughter Christian or tribal groups throughout Africa and are gradually taking over the entire continent
in an Islamic wave. It is the fanatics who bomb, behead, murder, or honour-kill. It is the fanatics who
take over mosque after mosque. It is the fanatics who zealously spread the stoning and hanging of rape
victims and homosexuals. It is the fanatics who teach their young to kill and to become suicide bombers.
The hard, quantifiable fact is that the peaceful majority, the ‘silent majority,’ is cowed and extraneous.
Communist Russia was comprised of Russians who just wanted to live in peace, yet the Russian
Communists were responsible for the murder of about 20 million people. The peaceful majority were
irrelevant. China ‘s huge population was peaceful as well, but Chinese Communists managed to kill a
staggering 70 million people.
The average Japanese individual prior to World War II was not a warmongering sadist. Yet, Japan
murdered and slaughtered its way across South East Asia in an orgy of killing that included the
systematic murder of 12 million Chinese civilians; most killed by sword, shovel, and bayonet.
And who can forget Rwanda , which collapsed into butchery. Could it not be said that the majority of
Rwandans were ‘peace loving’?
History lessons are often incredibly simple and blunt, yet for all our powers of reason, we often miss
the most basic and uncomplicated of points:
Peace-loving Muslims have been made irrelevant by their silence.
Peace-loving Muslims will become our enemy if they don’t speak up, because like my friend from
Germany , they will awaken one day and find that the fanatics own them, and the end of their world will
have begun.
Peace-loving Germans, Japanese, Chinese, Russians, Rwandans, Serbs, Afghans, Iraqis, Palestinians,
Somalis, Nigerians, Algerians, and many others have died because the peaceful majority did not speak
up until it was too late. As for us who watch it all unfold, we must pay attention to the only group that
counts–the fanatics who threaten our way of life.
Lastly, anyone who doubts that the issue is serious and just deletes this email without sending it on, is
contributing to the passiveness that allows the problems to expand. So, extend yourself a bit and send
this on and on and on! Let us hope that thousands, world-wide, read this and think about it, and send it
on – before it’s too late.
Emanuel Tanay, M.D. 2980 Provincial St. Ann Arbor , MI 48104 734-997-0256

 

Some Events in Christian History

Some Events in Christian History

From ancient to modern times

 

Events that solely occurred on command of church authorities, or were committed in the name of Christianity. (List incomplete)

 

Ancient Pagans

 

*As soon as Christianity was legal (315), more and more pagan temples

were destroyed by Christian mob. Pagan priests were killed.

 

*Between 315 and 6th century thousands of pagan believers were slain.

 

*Examples of destroyed Temples the Sanctuary of Aesculap in Aegaea,

the Temple of Aphrodite in Golgatha, Aphaka in Lebanon, the

Heliopolis.

 

*Christian priests such as Mark of Arethusa or Cyrill of Heliopolis

were famous as “temple destroyer.” [DA468] *Pagan services became

punishable by death in 356. [DA468]

 

*Christian Emperor Theodosius (408-450) even had children executed,

because they had been playing with remains of pagan statues. [DA469]

 

According to Christian chroniclers he “followed meticulously all

Christian teachings… ”

 

*In 6th century pagans were declared void of all rights.

 

*In the early fourth century the philosopher Sopatros was executed on

demand of Christian authorities. [DA466]

 

*The world famous female philosopher Hypatia of Alexandria was torn to

pieces with glass fragments by a hysterical Christian mob led by a

Christian minister named Peter, in a church, in 415.

 

Mission

 

*Emperor Karl (Charlemagne) in 782 had 4500 Saxons, unwilling to

convert to Christianity, beheaded. [DO30]

 

*Peasants of Steding (Germany) unwilling to pay suffocating church

taxes between 5,000 and 11,000 men, women and children slain

5/27/1234 near Altenesch/Germany. [WW223]

 

*Battle of Belgrad 1456 80,000 Turks slaughtered. [DO235]

 

*15th century Poland 1019 churches and 17987 villages plundered by

Knights of the Order. Victims unknown. [DO30]

 

*16th and 17th century Ireland. English troops “pacified and

civilized” Ireland, where only Gaelic “wild Irish”, “unreasonable

beasts lived without any knowledge of God or good manners, in common

of their goods, cattle, women, children and every other thing.” One of

the more successful soldiers, a certain Humphrey Gilbert, half-brother

of Sir Walter Raleigh, ordered that “the heddes of all those (of what

sort soever thei were) which were killed in the daie, should be cutte

off from their bodies… and should bee laied on the ground by eche

side of the waie”, which effort to civilize the Irish indeed caused

“greate terrour to the people when thei sawe the heddes of their dedde

fathers, brothers, children, kinsfolke, and freinds on the grounde”.

 

Tens of thousands of Gaelic Irish fell victim to the carnage. [SH99,

225]

 

Crusades (1095-1291)

 

*First Crusade 1095 on command of pope Urban II. [WW11-41]

 

*Semlin/Hungary 6/24/96 thousands slain. Wieselburg/Hungary 6/12/96

thousands. [WW23] *9/9/96-9/26/ 96 Nikaia, Xerigordon (then turkish),

thousands respectively. [WW25-27]

 

*Until Jan 1098 a total of 40 capital cities and 200 castles conquered

(number of slain unknown) [WW30]

 

*After 6/3/98 Antiochia (then turkish) conquered, between 10,000 and

60,000 slain. 6/28/98 100,000 Turks (incl. women & children) killed.

[WW32-35]

 

Here the Christians “did no other harm to the women found in [the

enemy’s] tents – save that they ran their lances through their

bellies,” according to Christian chronicler Fulcher of Chartres.

[EC60]

 

*Marra (Maraat an-numan) 12/11/98 thousands killed. Because of the

subsequent famine “the already stinking corpses of the enemies were

eaten by the Christians” said chronicler Albert Aquensis. [WW36]

 

*Jerusalem conquered 7/15/1099 more than 60,000 victims (jewish,

muslim, men, women, children). [WW37-40]

 

(In the words of one witness “there [in front of Solomon’s temple]

was such a carnage that our people were wading ankle-deep in the blood

of our foes”, and after that “happily and crying for joy our people

marched to our Saviour’s tomb, to honour it and to pay off our debt of

gratitude”)

 

*The Archbishop of Tyre, eye-witness, wrote “It was impossible to

look upon the vast numbers of the slain without horror; everywhere lay

fragments of human bodies, and the very ground was covered with the

blood of the slain. It was not alone the spectacle of headless bodies

and mutilated limbs strewn in all directions that roused the horror of

all who looked upon them. Still more dreadful was it to gaze upon the

victors themselves, dripping with blood from head to foot, an ominous

sight which brought terror to all who met them. It is reported that

within the Temple enclosure alone about ten thousand infidels

perished.” [TG79]

 

*Christian chronicler Eckehard of Aura noted that “even the following

summer in all of palestine the air was polluted by the stench of

decomposition” . One million victims of the first crusade alone. [WW41]

 

*Battle of Askalon, 8/12/1099. 200,000 heathens slaughtered “in the

name of Our Lord Jesus Christ”. [WW45]

 

*Fourth crusade 4/12/1204 Constantinople sacked, number of victims

unknown, numerous thousands, many of them Christian. [WW141-148]

 

*Rest of Crusades in less detail until the fall of Akkon 1291

probably 20 million victims (in the Holy land and Arab/Turkish areas

alone). [WW224]

 

Note All figures according to contemporary (Christian) chroniclers.

 

Heretics

 

*Already in 385 C.E. the first Christians, the Spanish Priscillianus

and six followers, were beheaded for heresy in Trier/Germany [DO26]

 

*Manichaean heresy a crypto-Christian sect decent enough to practice

birth control (and thus not as irresponsible as faithful Catholics)

was exterminated in huge campaigns all over the Roman empire between

372 C.E. and 444 C.E. Numerous thousands of victims. [NC]

 

*Albigensians the first Crusade intended to slay other Christians.

[DO29]

 

The Albigensians (cathars = Christians allegedly that have all rarely

sucked) viewed themselves as good Christians, but would not accept

roman Catholic rule, and taxes, and prohibition of birth control. [NC]

 

Begin of violence on command of pope Innocent III (greatest single

pre-nazi mass murderer) in 1209. Beziérs (today France) 7/22/1209

destroyed, all the inhabitants were slaughtered. Victims (including

Catholics refusing to turn over their heretic neighbours and friends)

20,000-70,000. [WW179-181]

 

*Carcassonne 8/15/1209, thousands slain. Other cities followed.

[WW181]

 

*subsequent 20 years of war until nearly all Cathars (probably half

the population of the Languedoc, today southern France) were

exterminated. [WW183]

 

*After the war ended (1229) the Inquisition was founded 1232 to search

and destroy surviving/hiding heretics. Last Cathars burned at the

stake 1324. [WW183] *Estimated one million victims (cathar heresy

alone), [WW183]

 

*Other heresies Waldensians, Paulikians, Runcarians, Josephites, and

many others. Most of these sects exterminated, (I believe some

Waldensians live today, yet they had to endure 600 years of

persecution) I estimate at least hundred thousand victims (including

the Spanish inquisition but excluding victims in the New World).

 

*Spanish Inquisitor Torquemada alone allegedly responsible for 10,220

burnings. [DO28]

 

*John Huss, a critic of papal infallibility and indulgences, was

burned at the stake in 1415. [LI475-522]

 

*University professor B.Hubmaier burned at the stake 1538 in Vienna.

[DO59]

 

*Giordano Bruno, Dominican monk, after having been incarcerated for

seven years, was burned at the stake for heresy on the Campo dei Fiori

(Rome) on 2/17/1600.

 

Witches

 

*from the beginning of Christianity to 1484 probably more than several

thousand.

 

*in the era of witch hunting (1484-1750) according to modern scholars

several hundred thousand (about 80% female) burned at the stake or

hanged. [WV]

 

*incomplete list of documented cases

 

The Burning of Witches – A Chronicle of the Burning Times

 

Religious Wars

 

*15th century Crusades against Hussites, thousands slain. [DO30]

 

*1538 pope Paul III declared Crusade against apostate England and all

English as slaves of Church (fortunately had not power to go into

action). [DO31]

 

*1568 Spanish Inquisition Tribunal ordered extermination of 3 million

rebels in (then Spanish) Netherlands. Thousands were actually slain.

[DO31]

 

*1572 In France about 20,000 Huguenots were killed on command of pope

Pius V. Until 17th century 200,000 flee. [DO31]

 

*17th century Catholics slay Gaspard de Coligny, a Protestant leader.

After murdering him, the Catholic mob mutilated his body, “cutting off

his head, his hands, and his genitals… and then dumped him into the

river […but] then, deciding that it was not worthy of being food for

the fish, they hauled it out again [… and] dragged what was left …

to the gallows of Montfaulcon, ‘to be meat and carrion for maggots and

crows’.” [SH191]

 

*17th century Catholics sack the city of Magdeburg/Germany roughly

30,000 Protestants were slain. “In a single church fifty women were

found beheaded,” reported poet Friedrich Schiller, “and infants still

sucking the breasts of their lifeless mothers.” [SH191]

 

*17th century 30 years’ war (Catholic vs. Protestant) at least 40% of

population decimated, mostly in Germany. [DO31-32]

 

Jews

 

*Already in the 4th and 5th centuries synagogues were burned by

Christians. Number of Jews slain unknown.

 

*In the middle of the fourth century the first synagogue was destroyed

on command of bishop Innocentius of Dertona in Northern Italy. The

first synagogue known to have been burned down was near the river

Euphrat, on command of the bishop of Kallinikon in the year 388.

[DA450]

 

*17. Council of Toledo 694 Jews were enslaved, their property

confiscated, and their children forcibly baptized. [DA454]

 

*The Bishop of Limoges (France) in 1010 had the cities’ Jews, who

would not convert to Christianity, expelled or killed. [DA453]

 

*First Crusade Thousands of Jews slaughtered 1096, maybe 12.000

total. Places Worms 5/18/1096, Mainz 5/27/1096 (1100 persons),

Cologne, Neuss, Altenahr, Wevelinghoven, Xanten, Moers, Dortmund,

Kerpen, Trier, Metz, Regensburg, Prag and others (All locations

Germany except Metz/France, Prag/Czech) [EJ]

 

*Second Crusade 1147. Several hundred Jews were slain in Ham, Sully,

Carentan, and Rameru (all locations in France). [WW57]

 

*Third Crusade English Jewish communities sacked 1189/90. [DO40]

*Fulda/Germany 1235 34 Jewish men and women slain. [DO41]

 

*1257, 1267 Jewish communities of London, Canterbury, Northampton,

Lincoln, Cambridge, and others exterminated. [DO41]

 

*1290 in Bohemian (Poland) allegedly 10,000 Jews killed. [DO41]

 

*1337 Starting in Deggendorf/Germany a Jew-killing craze reaches 51

towns in Bavaria, Austria, Poland. [DO41]

 

*1348 All Jews of Basel/Switzerland and Strasbourg/France (two

thousand) burned. [DO41]

 

*1349 In more than 350 towns in Germany all Jews murdered, mostly

burned alive (in this one year more Jews were killed than Christians

in 200 years of ancient Roman persecution of Christians). [DO42]

 

*1389 In Prag 3,000 Jews were slaughtered. [DO42]

 

*1391 Seville’s Jews killed (Archbishop Martinez leading). 4,000 were

slain, 25,000 sold as slaves. [DA454] Their identification was made

easy by the brightly colored “badges of shame” that all jews above the

age of ten had been forced to wear.

 

*1492 In the year Columbus set sail to conquer a New World, more than

150,000 Jews were expelled from Spain, many died on their way

6/30/1492. [MM470-476]

 

*1648 Chmielnitzki massacres In Poland about 200,000 Jews were slain.

[DO43]

 

(I feel sick …) this goes on and on, century after century, right

into the kilns of Auschwitz.

 

Native Peoples

 

*Beginning with Columbus (a former slave trader and would-be Holy

Crusader) the conquest of the New World began, as usual understood as

a means to propagate Christianity.

 

*Within hours of landfall on the first inhabited island he encountered

in the Caribbean, Columbus seized and carried off six native people

who, he said, “ought to be good servants … [and] would easily be

made Christians, because it seemed to me that they belonged to no

religion.” [SH200]

 

While Columbus described the Indians as “idolators” and “slaves, as

many as [the Crown] shall order,” his pal Michele de Cuneo, Italian

nobleman, referred to the natives as “beasts” because “they eat when

they are hungry,” and made love “openly whenever they feel like it.”

[SH204-205]

 

*On every island he set foot on, Columbus planted a cross, “making the

declarations that are required” – the requerimiento – to claim the

ownership for his Catholic patrons in Spain. And “nobody objected.” If

the Indians refused or delayed their acceptance (or understanding) ,

the requerimiento continued

 

“I certify to you that, with the help of God, we shall powerfully

enter in your country and shall make war against you … and shall

subject you to the yoke and obedience of the Church … and shall do

you all mischief that we can, as to vassals who do not obey and refuse

to receive their lord and resist and contradict him.” [SH66]

 

*Likewise in the words of John Winthrop, first governor of

Massachusetts Bay Colony “justifieinge the undertakeres of the

intended Plantation in New England … to carry the Gospell into those

parts of the world, … and to raise a Bulworke against the kingdome

of the Ante-Christ. ” [SH235]

 

*In average two thirds of the native population were killed by

colonist-imported smallpox before violence began. This was a great

sign of “the marvelous goodness and providence of God” to the

Christians of course, e.g. the Governor of the Massachusetts Bay

Colony wrote in 1634, as “for the natives, they are near all dead of

the smallpox, so as the Lord hath cleared our title to what we

possess.” [SH109,238]

 

*On Hispaniola alone, on Columbus visits, the native population

(Arawak), a rather harmless and happy people living on an island of

abundant natural resources, a literal paradise, soon mourned 50,000

dead. [SH204]

 

*The surviving Indians fell victim to rape, murder, enslavement and

spanish raids.

 

*As one of the culprits wrote “So many Indians died that they could

not be counted, all through the land the Indians lay dead everywhere.

The stench was very great and pestiferous. ” [SH69]

 

*The indian chief Hatuey fled with his people but was captured and

burned alive. As “they were tying him to the stake a Franciscan friar

urged him to take Jesus to his heart so that his soul might go to

heaven, rather than descend into hell. Hatuey replied that if heaven

was where the Christians went, he would rather go to hell.” [SH70]

 

*What happened to his people was described by an eyewitness

 

“The Spaniards found pleasure in inventing all kinds of odd cruelties

… They built a long gibbet, long enough for the toes to touch the

ground to prevent strangling, and hanged thirteen [natives] at a time

in honor of Christ Our Saviour and the twelve Apostles… then, straw

was wrapped around their torn bodies and they were burned alive.”

[SH72]

 

Or, on another occasion

 

“The Spaniards cut off the arm of one, the leg or hip of another, and

from some their heads at one stroke, like butchers cutting up beef and

mutton for market. Six hundred, including the cacique, were thus slain

like brute beasts…Vasco [de Balboa] ordered forty of them to be torn

to pieces by dogs.” [SH83]

 

*The “island’s population of about eight million people at the time of

Columbus’s arrival in 1492 already had declined by a third to a half

before the year 1496 was out.” Eventually all the island’s natives

were exterminated, so the Spaniards were “forced” to import slaves

from other caribbean islands, who soon suffered the same fate. Thus

“the Caribbean’s millions of native people [were] thereby effectively

liquidated in barely a quarter of a century”. [SH72-73] “In less than

the normal lifetime of a single human being, an entire culture of

millions of people, thousands of years resident in their homeland, had

been exterminated. ” [SH75]

 

*”And then the Spanish turned their attention to the mainland of

Mexico and Central America. The slaughter had barely begun. The

exquisite city of Tenochtitlán [Mexico city] was next.” [SH75]

 

*Cortez, Pizarro, De Soto and hundreds of other spanish conquistadors

likewise sacked southern and mesoamerican civilizations in the name of

Christ (De Soto also sacked Florida). *”When the 16th century ended,

some 200,000 Spaniards had moved to the Americas. By that time

probably more than 60,000,000 natives were dead.” [SH95]

 

Of course no different were the founders of what today is the US of

America.

 

*Although none of the settlers would have survived winter without

native help, they soon set out to expel and exterminate the Indians.

Warfare among (north American) Indians was rather harmless, in

comparison to European standards, and was meant to avenge insults

rather than conquer land. In the words of some of the pilgrim fathers

“Their Warres are farre less bloudy…”, so that there usually was “no

great slawter of nether side”. Indeed, “they might fight seven yeares

and not kill seven men.” What is more, the Indians usually spared

women and children. [SH111]

 

*In the spring of 1612 some English colonists found life among the

(generally friendly and generous) natives attractive enough to leave

Jamestown – “being idell … did runne away unto the Indyans,” – to

live among them (that probably solved a sex problem).

 

“Governor Thomas Dale had them hunted down and executed ‘Some he

apointed (sic) to be hanged Some burned Some to be broken upon wheles,

others to be staked and some shott to deathe’.” [SH105] Of course

these elegant measures were restricted for fellow englishmen “This

was the treatment for those who wished to act like Indians. For those

who had no choice in the matter, because they were the native people

of Virginia” methods were different “when an Indian was accused by an

Englishman of stealing a cup and failing to return it, the English

response was to attack the natives in force, burning the entire

community” down. [SH105]

 

*On the territory that is now Massachusetts the founding fathers of

the colonies were committing genocide, in what has become known as the

“Peqout War”. The killers were New England Puritan Christians,

refugees from persecution in their own home country England.

 

*When however, a dead colonist was found, apparently killed by

Narragansett Indians, the Puritan colonists wanted revenge. Despite

the Indian chief’s pledge they attacked.

 

Somehow they seem to have lost the idea of what they were after,

because when they were greeted by Pequot Indians (long-time foes of

the Narragansetts) the troops nevertheless made war on the Pequots and

burned their villages.

 

The puritan commander-in- charge John Mason after one massacre wrote

“And indeed such a dreadful Terror did the Almighty let fall upon

their Spirits, that they would fly from us and run into the very

Flames, where many of them perished … God was above them, who

laughed his Enemies and the Enemies of his People to Scorn, making

them as a fiery Oven … Thus did the Lord judge among the Heathen,

filling the Place with dead Bodies” men, women, children. [SH113-114]

*So “the Lord was pleased to smite our Enemies in the hinder Parts,

and to give us their land for an inheritance” . [SH111].

 

*Because of his readers’ assumed knowledge of Deuteronomy, there was

no need for Mason to quote the words that immediately follow

 

“Thou shalt save alive nothing that breatheth. But thou shalt utterly

destroy them…” (Deut 20)

 

*Mason’s comrade Underhill recalled how “great and doleful was the

bloody sight to the view of the young soldiers” yet reassured his

readers that “sometimes the Scripture declareth women and children

must perish with their parents”. [SH114]

 

*Other Indians were killed in successful plots of poisoning. The

colonists even had dogs especially trained to kill Indians and to

devour children from their mothers breasts, in the colonists’ own

words “blood Hounds to draw after them, and Mastives to seaze them.”

(This was inspired by spanish methods of the time)

 

In this way they continued until the extermination of the Pequots was

near. [SH107-119]

 

*The surviving handful of Indians “were parceled out to live in

servitude. John Endicott and his pastor wrote to the governor asking

for ‘a share’ of the captives, specifically ‘a young woman or girle

and a boy if you thinke good’.” [SH115]

 

*Other tribes were to follow the same path.

 

*Comment the Christian exterminators “God’s Will, which will at last

give us cause to say How Great is His Goodness! and How Great is his

Beauty!”

 

“Thus doth the Lord Jesus make them to bow before him, and to lick the

Dust!” [TA]

 

*Like today, lying was OK to Christians then. “Peace treaties were

signed with every intention to violate them when the Indians ‘grow

secure uppon (sic) the treatie’, advised the Council of State in

Virginia, ‘we shall have the better Advantage both to surprise them, &

cutt downe theire Corne’.” [SH106]

 

*In 1624 sixty heavily armed Englishmen cut down 800 defenseless

Indian men, women and children. [SH107]

 

*In a single massacre in “King Philip’s War” of 1675 and 1676 some

“600 Indians were destroyed. A delighted Cotton Mather, revered pastor

of the Second Church in Boston, later referred to the slaughter as a

‘barbeque’.” [SH115]

 

*To summarize Before the arrival of the English, the western Abenaki

people in New Hampshire and Vermont had numbered 12,000. Less than

half a century later about 250 remained alive – a destruction rate of

98%. The Pocumtuck people had numbered more than 18,000, fifty years

later they were down to 920 – 95% destroyed. The Quiripi-Unquachog

people had numbered about 30,000, fifty years later they were down to

1500 – 95% destroyed. The Massachusetts people had numbered at least

44,000, fifty years later barely 6000 were alive – 81% destroyed.

[SH118] These are only a few examples of the multitude of tribes

living before Christian colonists set their foot on the New World. All

this was before the smallpox epidemics of 1677 and 1678 had occurred.

And the carnage was not over then.

 

*All the above was only the beginning of the European colonization, it

was before the frontier age actually had begun.

 

*A total of maybe more than 150 million Indians (of both Americas)

were destroyed in the period of 1500 to 1900, as an average two thirds

by smallpox and other epidemics, that leaves some 50 million killed

directly by violence, bad treatment and slavery.

 

*In many countries, such as Brazil, and Guatemala, this continues even

today.

 

More Notable Events in US history

 

*Reverend Solomon Stoddard, one of New England’s most esteemed

religious leaders, in “1703 formally proposed to the Massachusetts

Governor that the colonists be given the financial wherewithal to

purchase and train large packs of dogs ‘to hunt Indians as they do

bears’.” [SH241]

 

*Massacre of Sand Creek, Colorado 11/29/1864. Colonel John Chivington,

a former Methodist minister and still elder in the church (“I long to

be wading in gore”) had a Cheyenne village of about 600, mostly women

and children, gunned down despite the chiefs’ waving with a white

flag 400-500 killed.

 

From an eye-witness account “There were some thirty or forty squaws

collected in a hole for protection; they sent out a little girl about

six years old with a white flag on a stick; she had not proceeded but

a few steps when she was shot and killed. All the squaws in that hole

were afterwards killed …” [SH131]

 

*By the 1860s, “in Hawai’i the Reverend Rufus Anderson surveyed the

carnage that by then had reduced those islands’ native population by

90 percent or more, and he declined to see it as tragedy; the expected

total die-off of the Hawaiian population was only natural, this

missionary said, somewhat equivalent to ‘the amputation of diseased

members of the body’.” [SH244]

 

20th Century Church Atrocities

 

*Catholic extermination camps

 

Surpisingly few know that Nazi extermination camps in World War II

were by no means the only ones in Europe at the time. In the years

1942-1943 also in Croatia existed numerous extermination camps, run by

Catholic Ustasha under their dictator Ante Paveliç, a practising

Catholic and regular visitor to the then pope. There were even

concentration camps exclusively for children!

 

In these camps – the most notorious was Jasenovac, headed by a

Franciscan friar – orthodox-Christian serbians (and a substantial

number of Jews) were murdered. Like the Nazis the Catholic Ustasha

burned their victims in kilns, alive (the Nazis were decent enough to

have their victims gassed first). But most of the victims were simply

stabbed, slain or shot to death, the number of them being estimated

between 300,000 and 600,000, in a rather tiny country. Many of the

killers were Franciscan friars. The atrocities were appalling enough

to induce bystanders of the Nazi “Sicherheitsdient der SS”, watching,

to complain about them to Hitler (who did not listen). The pope knew

about these events and did nothing to prevent them. [MV]

 

*Catholic terror in Vietnam

 

In 1954 Vietnamese freedom fighters – the Viet Minh – had finally

defeated the French colonial government in North Vietnam, which by

then had been supported by U.S. funds amounting to more than $2

billion. Although the victorious assured religious freedom to all

(most non-buddhist Vietnamese were Catholics), due to huge

anticommunist propaganda campaigns many Catholics fled to the South.

With the help of Catholic lobbies in Washington and Cardinal Spellman,

the Vatican’s spokesman in U.S. politics, who later on would call the

U.S. forces in Vietnam “Soldiers of Christ”, a scheme was concocted to

prevent democratic elections which could have brought the communist

Viet Minh to power in the South as well, and the fanatic Catholic Ngo

Dinh Diem was made president of South Vietnam. [MW16ff]

 

Diem saw to it that U.S. aid, food, technical and general assistance

was given to Catholics alone, Buddhist individuals and villages were

ignored or had to pay for the food aids which were given to Catholics

for free. The only religious denomination to be supported was Roman

Catholicism.

 

The Vietnamese McCarthyism turned even more vicious than its American

counterpart. By 1956 Diem promulgated a presidential order which read

 

“Individuals considered dangerous to the national defense and common

security may be confined by executive order, to a concentration camp.”

 

Supposedly to fight communism, thousands of buddhist protesters and

monks were imprisoned in “detention camps.” Out of protest dozens of

buddhist teachers – male and female – and monks poured gasoline over

themselves and burned themselves. (Note that Buddhists burned

themselves in comparison Christians tend to burn others). Meanwhile

some of the prison camps, which in the meantime were filled with

Protestant and even Catholic protesters as well, had turned into

no-nonsense death camps. It is estimated that during this period of

terror (1955-1960) at least 24,000 were wounded – mostly in street

riots – 80,000 people were executed, 275,000 had been detained or

tortured, and about 500,000 were sent to concentration or detention

camps. [MW76-89].

 

To support this kind of government in the next decade thousands of

American GI’s lost their life.

 

*Christianity kills the cat

 

On July 1, 1976, Anneliese Michel, a 23-year-old student of a teachers

college in Germany, died she starved herself to death. For months she

had been haunted by demonic visions and apparitions, and for months

two Catholic priests – with explicit approval of the Catholic bishop

of Würzburg – additionally pestered and tormented the wretched girl

with their exorcist rituals. After her death in Klingenberg hospital –

her body was littered with wounds – her parents, both of them

fanatical Catholics, were sentenced to six months for not having

called for medical help. None of the priests was punished on the

contrary, Miss Michel’s grave today is a place of pilgrimage and

worship for a number of similarly faithful Catholics (in the

seventeenth century Würzburg was notorious for it’s extensive witch

burnings).

 

This case is only the tip of an iceberg of such evil superstition and

has become known only because of its lethal outcome. [SP80]

 

*Rwanda Massacres

 

In 1994 in the small african country of Rwanda in just a few months

several hundred thousand civilians were butchered, apparently a

conflict of the Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups.

 

For quite some time I heard only rumours about Catholic clergy

actively involved in the 1994 Rwanda massacres. Odd denials of

involvement were printed in Catholic church journals, before even

anybody had openly accused members of the church.

 

Then, 10/10/96, in the newscast of S2 Aktuell, Germany – a station not

at all critical to Christianity – the following was stated

 

“Anglican as well as Catholic priests and nuns are suspect of having

actively participated in murders. Especially the conduct of a certain

Catholic priest has been occupying the public mind in Rwanda’s capital

Kigali for months. He was minister of the church of the Holy Family

and allegedly murdered Tutsis in the most brutal manner. He is

reported to have accompanied marauding Hutu militia with a gun in his

cowl. In fact there has been a bloody slaughter of Tutsis seeking

shelter in his parish. Even two years after the massacres many

Catholics refuse to set foot on the threshold of their church, because

to them the participation of a certain part of the clergy in the

slaughter is well established. There is almost no church in Rwanda

that has not seen refugees – women, children, old – being brutally

butchered facing the crucifix.

 

According to eyewitnesses clergymen gave away hiding Tutsis and turned

them over to the machetes of the Hutu militia.

 

In connection with these events again and again two Benedictine nuns

are mentioned, both of whom have fled into a Belgian monastery in the

meantime to avoid prosecution. According to survivors one of them

called the Hutu killers and led them to several thousand people who

had sought shelter in her monastery. By force the doomed were driven

out of the churchyard and were murdered in the presence of the nun

right in front of the gate. The other one is also reported to have

directly cooperated with the murderers of the Hutu militia. In her

case again witnesses report that she watched the slaughtering of

people in cold blood and without showing response. She is even accused

of having procured some petrol used by the killers to set on fire and

burn their victims alive…” [S2]

 

*As can be seen from these events, to Christianity the Dark Ages never

come to an end.

 

http://notachristia n.org/christiana trocities. html

 

 

Atrocity Literature as a Genre

Jayakumar S. Ammangudi

Excerpted with permission from Malhotra, Rajiv and Aravindan Neelakandan, “Breaking India: Western Interventions in Dravidian and Dalit Faultlines,” Amaryllis Publishers, Delhi, 2011

 

Chapter: 11.

Western Discourse on India’s Fragments

Section: Atrocity Literature as a Genre

Printed Pages: 182-185

Footnotes included

Atrocity Literature as a Genre

The control over discourse by supplying meta-narratives serves as a part of political control. In support of colonialism, there developed a genre of literature in the West that became known as ‘atrocity literature.’ Over the past four centuries, a corpus of academic and fictional writings that have been adapted into Broadway plays and Hollywood movies have portrayed Western encounters with other cultures, such as Indians, Native Americans, Blacks, Mexicans, Filipinos, Japanese, Chinese, Haitians, Cubans, Vietnamese, and Arabs – reinforcing the idea that the rest of the world is inferior to European/American culture and must be won over for their own good. Only then can John Wayne fade peaceably into the sunset on his horse.

Atrocity literature was integral to portraying other cultures’ strangeness and exotica by emphasizing the dangers they posed. One way to understand the power of atrocity literature is to examine it in the context of American history since the early 1600s, where it played a role in every episode of prejudice, territorial acquisition, and economic expansion.[i] The process may be briefly stated as follows:

  • As European settlers in America expanded westward across the American continent, they pushed the natives ahead of them along an ever-shfting frontier, which was understood as a demarcation line between civilization and savagery.
  • The myth-making consisted of painting a vivid picture of the native American as being ‘dangerously savage’—a people who were a threat to the innocent, God-fearing Christian folks. The imagery sometimes suggested that America was the Biblical Eden, now belonging to European colonialists, and it was being violated and threatened by evil savages from the frontier. This notion of the ‘frontier’ came to represent the collective rest of the non-Christian, hence ‘uncivilized’ world.
  • The natives were typically depicted in scenes of ‘idol worshipping’, replete with grotesque divinities, as opposed to the one true God of Western Christendom. These ‘others’ were packaged to appear primitive: lacking in morals and ethics, and prone to violence. This trio—lack of aesthetics, lack of morality, and lack of rationality—is found over and over again in atrocity literature.
  • When conflicts erupted, the Whites, as civilizing people, were depicted as responding legitimately and dutifully to the actions of savages. Thus the brutalities by the colonizers were depicted as justified and reasonable measures.
  • The savage cultures were also shown to victimize their own women and children. Therefore, the violent civilizing mission of the Whites seemed to be in the best interests of the savage societies at large.
  • This kind of atrocity literature gave intellectual sustenance to imperialist doctrines like Manifest Destiny, White Man’s Burden, etc.
  • It also offered an emotional hook. The exciting adventures of frontiersmen, including explorers, soldiers, and cowboys generated even more such literature.
  • This genre of literature thrived on half-truths, selecting items from here and there, and stitching themes together into a narrative that played on the reader’s psyche with pre-conceived stereotypes.[ii] It sought to create a sense of heightened urgency in dealing with savagery.
  • The non-Western cultures portrayed in this way may or may not have committed the alleged atrocities attributed to them. The truth, in all probability, was not as one-sided as depicted. Typically, conflicts were exaggerated and sensationalized in order to make an ideological point.

 

  • In contrast to the approach towards non-Western civilization, the social ills and atrocities in Western societies are characterised as aberrations: racism, colonial genocide, the two World Wars, the Holocaust, sexual abuse, etc., are considered as isolated acts that deviate from the true Western character.

 

  • As Western colonization expanded worldwide, the myth of the frontier proved successful in subduing the natives of America , Africa and Asia . It was compatible with other forms of European expansionism. Now the frontier could be anywhere outside of western civilization.

 

  • Once established in the popular mind, atrocity literature was often used to justify the harsh subjugation of the people on the frontier. The same myth that excused genocide of Native Americans later excused large-scale violence such as the Vietnam War and the Iraq War.

 

 

In every era of Western expansion, many scholars naively participated in producing such atrocity literature without taking into consideration how the material would eventually be used. Once a target culture is branded and marked in this way, it becomes the recipient of all sorts of untoward allegations. It becomes impossible for the leaders of any such branded culture to defend themselves against the bombardment of false charges and depictions. In order to defend oneself, one has to first acknowledge the false allegations, which legitimize them and make a victory for the other side. Anyone effectively criticizing the Western powers is quickly put on the list of suspected dangerous savages and stigmatized. One thing that atrocity literature insists is that savages almost always lie. Therefore, normal rules of evidence and fair representation no longer apply, and another ‘savage culture’ is neutered.[iii]

Footnotes


[i] Atrocity literature has been used by the American Government to justify its interventions in a ‘guilt-free’ manner. For a historical analysis of atrocity literature and its devastating effect on non-White cultures encountered by White Americans, see: (Malhotra 2009) . For a theoretical framework of cultural violence, see (Gatlung 1990) . He defines cultural violence as ‘any aspect of a culture that can be used to legitimize violence in its direct or structural forms.’

 

[ii] A very good example of the power of atrocity literature manufactured by colonialism in Indian context is the phenomenon of Thugs. Researcher Martine van Wœrkens in a detailed analysis of the Thug phenomenon reveals in the seminal work ‘The Strangled Traveler’ that while it is true that ‘many different groups of Thugs actually did exist over the centuries the monsters the British made of them had much more to do with colonial imaginings of India than with the real Thugs.’ (Wœrkens and Tihanyi 2002)

 

[iii] Many Americans criticized their government for using such propaganda tactics to build up the public frenzy prior to attacking Iraq in order to frame it as ‘savage war.’ Human rights scholars, compiled the atrocity literature about the plight of Arab women and other citizens, even if the condition of Arab women was far direr in other Arab countries than it was in Iraq., The propagandistic roll of these scholars has not been widely acknowledged. This significant service to propaganda paid by scholars and the media should serve as impetus for further scholarly introspection in to roll of academia and the news media in the creation of atrocity literature that directly influences American foreign policy This should serve as reason for other scholars to introspect. Importantly, throughout the debates on what to do about the savages, there took place an intellectual game the purpose of which was to show that a fair and equitable due process was being carried out. Marimba Ani, a black scholar, calls this ‘rhetorical ethics’ – a form of ethical hypocrisy that it is not meant to be carried out; it’s a mere pretence of carrying out complex procedures.

 

=============================================

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Superpower or Balkanized War Zone?

fromJayakumar S. Ammangudi jkumar64@sbcglobal.net reply-tobreakingindia@yahoogroups.com
todateTue, Jun 7, 2011 at 9:52 PMsubject[breakingindia] Superpower or Balkanized

Excerpted with permission from Malhotra, Rajiv and Aravindan Neelakandan, “Breaking India: Western Interventions in Dravidian and Dalit Faultlines,” Amaryllis Publishers, Delhi, 2011

 

Chapter: 1. Superpower or Balkanized War Zone?

(In its entirety.)

Printed Pages: 1-7
Footnotes included

 

Chapter 1

Superpower or Balkanized War Zone?

A civilization provides a shared identity composed of the images that we have of ourselves, as a people, with a collective sense of history and a shared destiny. It gives a positive sense of who ‘we’ are, and ensures a deep psychological bond among ourselves, along with the feeling that the nation is worth defending. Without this bond, who is the ‘we’ to be defended and what are the sacrifices for? Breaking a civilization is, therefore, like breaking the spine of a person. A broken civilization can splinter, and the balkanized regions can undergo a dark metamorphosis to become rogue states – transforming an entire region into a cataclysm of gigantic proportions.

 

Is the spine of Indian civilization vulnerable to such a rupture? And what forces, if any, are attempting to do this? Are they external or internal, or both? Where do they originate? How do they evolve? How are they managed?
This book addresses these questions with specific reference to Dravidian and Dalit identities and the role of the West in exploiting them.

 

India’s centripetal forces—economic growth, corporate and infrastructure development, and improved national democratic governance—bring the nation together. Much is being written about these positive forces. What is less often discussed and seldom studied in detail, are the centrifugal forces, both internal and external. The internal ones include communalism and socio-economic disparities of various kinds. The external forces that bring divisiveness among Indians, are more complex, and these have linked up with India’s internal cleavages. This shows how various global nexuses with their own agendas now control these internal forces to an unprecedented degree. Yet, this book is not screaming a doomsday scenario, but rather, an original analysis of the danger the nation is facing.

 

It is not just Pakistan stirring up disruptive forces in India, or China linking up with Indian Maoists, or the evangelical churches of Europe and North America stirring up separatism. It is all of these and more. These centrifugal forces are deep, subtle, complexly interlinked, and operating as loosely coupled multinational networks.

 

The nexus this book uncovers might seem far removed from the visions of violence and chaos conjured up by the notions of ‘secessionism,’ ‘insurgency,’ and ‘rebellion.’ Yet, it establishes that certain academic centers of the West control or at least heavily influence the socio-political discourse on India. These are coupled with political think-tanks, church activism, and social organizations that feed the centrifugal forces in India. They invent new fault lines and nurture existing ones. There is surprisingly little counter-discourse on the side of India’s unity.

 

India’s Built-in Tendencies to Fragment

 

While it is tempting to blame all problems on outside forces, one must come to terms with India’s own weaknesses and centuries-old tendencies to fragment. This troubling side has not received enough attention by those enjoying the successes of the newly vibrant economy. Some of the hard realities are as follows:

 

  • India has the largest number of poor citizens in the world, the largest number of children without schooling, a serious and growing shortage of water that is required to sustain life in the hinterlands, and conflicts across its many groups.
  • There are social injustices that are partly historical and partly modern. Some have originated within Indian society, while others are bred and fed by foreign influences to gain leverage in India.
  • The trickle-down effect of economic success has not adequately filtered to the lowest strata, where it is needed with the greatest urgency. While millions of Indians enjoy careers based on a technical education subsidized by the Indian public, a much larger number have not received even a basic education. The middle class, aspiring to modernize or Americanize, boasts of the new automobile infrastructure, yet the investments made to farming and water infrastructure are dismal. India’s public health system is atrocious. [i]
  • Separatist movements threaten normal civilian life in Kashmir, parts of India’s northeast, and in numerous Indian states afflicted with rural Maoist terrorism. There are sporadic Islamist terror-attacks in various parts of India, and there have been eruptions of Hindu-Muslim violence. Separatist movements by Dravidians and Dalits create violence across the South, and these are the topics of this book.
  • Even cyberspace, which was seen as an Indian haven, has become India’s vulnerability. A recent highly publicized study on cyber espionage terms India as the ‘most victimized state’, whose sensitive defense networks, embassy communications, in India and around the world, have been highly compromised by Chinese espionage agents.[ii] Vital information thus obtained by the Chinese can then be passed on to the Maoist insurgency raging at the mineral-rich heart of India, where a vicious cycle of state apathy, foreign interventions and Maoist terrorism is bleeding India.
  • India is surrounded by unstable and radicalized nations, including those that are becoming failed states; and cross-border violence is being exported into India, tying up crucial economic and military resources.[iii] The Indian experience of democracy has led to a very large number of political parties, thereby fragmenting vote banks and voices in the social mosaic. This has brought opportunism and shortsightedness, with long-term policy compromises and vacillations. One wonders if India has too much democracy – or, at least, too little governance.

 

Yet India’s resilience is also remarkable. For example:

 

  • While the US has become highly militarized to protect its homeland against terrorism, India has not done so to the same extent, despite having been attacked by terrorists far more frequently and for many more years. There is no ‘Fortress India’ mindset. After the terror-attacks killed several people in Mumbai in 2008, trains started to run, shops reopened, and normal life resumed within a few days.
  • India has the second largest Muslim population in the world, and a vast majority of its Muslims remain well grounded in local, native cultures, and are integrated into Indian society with their Hindu neighbors. Insofar as it has resisted attempts to be co-opted into international pan-Islamist programs, Indian Islam offers a model for inspiring Muslims worldwide into cultural syncretism and harmonious co-existence with other religions.
  • India’s resilience is partly based on its civilization’s strength of accommodation and flexibility, but also on hard policy-choices implemented by its leaders since independence from British rule in 1947. Thus, India’s version of affirmative action—known as ‘reservations’, and implemented by successive governments for over 60 years—has brought remarkable advancement in the plight of the impoverished Dalits (the former ‘untouchables’) and other disadvantaged groups. But given the scope of the problem, this is too little and too late. Many worthy Indian NGOs (non-government organizations) have filled the vacuum left by the government and provided assistance successfully.

 

External Forces

 

India’s internal performance must be judged on how it benefits its least privileged citizens, and it certainly deserves harsh criticism. Yet if the nation-state were severely undermined in its external capacity to deal with other forces, the result could invite invasions, re-colonization, cultural and psychological imperialism, and other unwanted interventions. This has happened numerous times in India’s history; for instance, when the British used human-rights cases as pretexts to act against many Indian rulers.

 

Ironically, the British committed many horrible acts while justifying them by compiling what is known as atrocity literature[iv] to depict the savagery of Indians. They claimed that their own acts were designed to help bring about ‘civilization’ for Indians. For example:

 

  • The Criminal Tribes Act was passed in 1871 and made it lawful to perform genocide against a list of Indian tribes who were deemed to be ‘criminals,’ including every member of these tribes right from birth. Many tribes were condemned in this way not because they were ‘criminal’ (even if there is such a things as a whole tribe being criminal), but because they were fighting against the British destruction of their jungles and other habitats. The Thugs were one such group that got so badly maligned via atrocity literature that their name has entered the English language as being synonymous with crime.
  • Atrocity literature played its part in downgrading women’s rights. Veena Oldenburg’s seminal book, Dowry Murder, gives details on how the British encouraged the Indians to dish out cases of atrocities that could then be blamed on the native culture.[v] They systematically compiled these anecdotes, mostly unsubstantiated and often exaggerated and one-sided. This became a justification to enact laws that downgraded the rights of common citizens. The book shows how the dowry extortions that have become so common in middle-class India today, were actually started when women’s traditional property rights were taken away by the British through convoluted logic.
  • Nicholas Dirks is one of many scholars who have shown how the British used atrocity literature in order to exacerbate conflicts between the jatis in order to ‘solve’ their problems by intervening. This helped the British to gain further power and extort Indian wealth.[vi]
  • Claims of atrocities against workers were used to outlaw various Indian industries, including textiles and steelmaking, in which India had a lead over Britain. Meanwhile, the British started their own Industrial Revolution to supply these goods to India as a captive market, turning Indians from world-class producers and exporters into importers and paupers. According to British author William Digby, between 1757 and 1812, the inflow of profits from India into Britain was estimated at between 500 million pounds and 1 billion pounds.[vii] The value of this sum in today’s purchasing power would be over a trillion dollars. A more recent study by economist Amiya Bagchi establishes that the British imposed a drain on India, equivalent to 5-6 percent of current GDP <check>.[viii] The British were very diligent in documenting alleged cases of atrocities against workers by the Indian manufacturers who were their competitors, and then outlawed many Indian industries on the charge of violating workers’ rights. The massive poverty and unemployment that resulted, only made the workers’ plight worse.

 

In his landmark monograph written a century ago, Hind Swaraj, Gandhi discusses how the Indians working for the British Empire were unwittingly helping to sustain it. They imagined themselves as being patriotic Indians because they were unaware of the larger picture, and of the British aims that they were serving. A hundred years after Gandhi wrote his famous diagnosis of the colonized Indians, we need to introspect:

 

  • Whether the West has become even more sophisticated in its nurturing and deployment of Indian sepoys than its British predecessor. It co-opts Indian intellectuals at various levels, ranging from lowly data-hunter-gatherers, to identity-engineering programs in the murky backwaters of NGOs, to mid-level scholars in India, all the way to Indian Ivy League professors and award-winning globetrotters.
  • What the civic society’s and government’s relationship is to Western churches.
  • The role of the human rights industry as a ‘fifth column’ to selectively target and undermine political opponents.
  • In what ways the leading private foundations—Ford Foundation, Carnegie Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation, Luce Foundation, Pew Trust, Templeton Foundation, to name just a few—serve as vehicles for the US government and billionaires to collaborate on fulfilling what many Americans have seen as their manifest destiny.

 

This book shows that Indian centrifugal forces have not only up-linked with the international forces, but also have strategically interlinked among themselves for greater synergy. What, then, should be the proper definition of a ‘minority’ when such a group now functions as part and parcel of a global majority? Specifically, this book exposes the formation of Dravidian and Dalit identities over nearly two hundred years, and the role played by Western nexuses.

 

Footnotes


[i] In his article of Oct 19, 2006, Suman Guha Mozumder quotes the well known journalist P. Sainath who told an audience in New York that while food courts are springing up almost everywhere in India’s big city malls catering to the palates of well off Indians, ‘The average rural family today is eating nearly 100 grams less of food grains than six or seven years ago and the average per capita availability of food grains has declined sharply. In 1991, when reforms began, availability of food per person was 510 grams, today it has fallen to 437 grams.’ He said, ‘At a time when people of our class are eating foods like we never had in our lives before, India’s agriculture sector is in the midst of a collapse.’ He said that while India has eight billionaires and hundreds of millionaires, the country ranks 127th in the Human Development Report Index. ‘So, on the one hand we have this incredible emerging tiger economy. . . (on the other hand) it should be remembered that the incredible tiger economy produces a very shameful kind of human development indicators,’ Sainath said. ‘The life expectancy of average Indians is lower than people in Mongolia or Tajikistan.’ He said the Vidarbha region in Maharashtra has seen 968 suicides by farmers, including 120 on an average every month in the last three months. In March, 2006, Parliament was told by Union Agriculture Minister Sharad Pawar that in the last ten years over 120,000 farmers have committed suicide in India. ‘Suicides by farmers today are actually a symptom of a much wider crisis in India’s farm and agricultural sector,’ Sainath said, that this was the result of a systematic and structured move to shift to corporate farming from small family farming practices as well as mindless deregulation that has ruined the farming community. He said, ‘The claims that India is shining are true. I believe it, although it is happening for just the ten percent of the population.’ (See: http://ia.rediff.com/money/2006/oct/19bspec.htm )

 

[ii] (Information Warfare Monitor and Shadowserver Foundation 2010, 43)

 

[iii] In fact almost all nation states surrounding India have been listed as within the first 25 of the Failed State Index 2009 released by Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: Afghanistan is ranked 7; Pakistan 10; Burma 13; Bangladesh 19; Sri Lanka 22; Nepal 25.

 

[iv] Atrocity literature is a technical term referring to literature generated by Western interests with the explicit goal to show that the target non-Western culture is committing atrocities on their own people, and hence in need of Western intervention. This will be elaborate in a later chapter.

 

[v] (Oldenburg 2002) Oldenburg, Veena Talwar. Dowry Murders: The Imperial Origins of a Cultural Crime. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

 

[vi] For example see (Dirks 2004) Dirks, Nicholas. Castes of Mind: Colonialism and the Making of Modern India. Hyderabad: Orient Blackswan, 2004.

 

[vii] (Digby 1969, 33) Digby, William. ‘Prosperous’ India: A Revelation from Official Records. New

Delhi: Sagar, 1969.

 

[viii] (Bagchi 1984, 81) Bagchi, Amiya. The Political Economy of Underdevelopment. Cambridge

University Press, 1984.

 

 

=============================================

For purchasing in Houston, visit the bookstore @ Arsha Vidya Satsanga
For purchasing elsewhere, visit Breaking India

 

Overview of European Invention of Races

Jayakumar S. Ammangudi

Excerpted with permission from Malhotra, Rajiv and Aravindan Neelakandan, “Breaking India: Western Interventions in Dravidian and Dalit Faultlines,” Amaryllis Publishers, Delhi, 2011

 

Chapter: 2.  Overview of European Invention of Races

Printed Pages: 8-11

Chapter 2: Overview of European Invention of Races

Western Academic Constructions Lead to Violence

In the past five centuries, European nations colonized many regions of Asia, Africa, and the Americas. These Western powers variously imposed a Eurocentric worldview on the colonized cultures. The histories of the local cultures as well as a global historic narrative were constructed to justify colonization. Today, even though many of these biases have been exposed, they still wield power in the academic and socio-political discourses. In the next several chapters, we see the forces that led to these colonial constructs, and explore the reasons for their continued existence. With reference to fig. 2.1, a brief outline of each of its components is given next.

Europe

In the eighteenth century, when the traditional religious edifice of Europe was threatened by the Enlightenment, Europeans looked for a golden past. Many hoped they could find it in India, which had been the source of much of Europe’s imports for centuries. In this search for identity, they began to hypothesize and construct an idealized ‘Aryan race’ through a distorted reading of Indian scriptures. Fed by virulent German nationalism, anti-Semitism and Race Science, this manipulation led ultimately to the rise of Nazism and the holocaust.

India

In the late eighteenth century, the Indologist Max Müller proposed the Aryan category strictly as a linguistic group, but it got soon transformed into the Aryan race by colonial administrators who used Race Science to make a taxonomical division of traditional Indian communities. The castes designated as ‘non-Aryan’ were marginalized or excluded in depictions of Hindu society. In parallel, the Church evangelists working in South India constructed a Dravidian race identity. They de-linked Tamil culture from its pan-Indian cultural matrix and claimed that its spirituality was closer to Christianity than it was to the Aryan North Indian culture.

Sri Lanka

In Sri Lanka, the Buddhist revival spurred by the Theosophical Society also spread ideas of the Aryan race theory. Bishop Robert Caldwell and Max Müller categorized Tamils as Dravidians and Singhalese as Aryans. This division was encouraged by colonial administrators. Gradually, many South Indians who had assumed a Dravidian identity adopted this division and turned it into antagonism toward the so-called Aryans. The result has been the deadly ethnic civil war that continued in Sri Lanka for a few decades.

Africa

The Hamitic myth of the Bible in which the descendants of Noah’s son Ham were cursed, was used by slave traders and slave owners to justify slavery. Hamitic linguistic groups were identified and separated from the rest of Africans. African civilization’s contributions were explained as the work of an imaginary sub-race of Whites invading and civilizing Africa. Western classification of traditional African communities into races led to bitter rivalries, including genocide as in Rwanda.

The following six chapters will go into details of how the present Dravidian identity came about in a period of less than two centuries.

=============================================

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For purchasing elsewhere, visit Breaking India

 

 

Christian Denigration of Indian Spiritual Dance

Breaking India Excerpt 02

Excerpted with permission from Malhotra, Rajiv and Aravindan Neelakandan, “Breaking India: Western Interventions in Dravidian and Dalit Faultlines,” Amaryllis Publishers, Delhi, 2011

 

Chapter: 8. Digesting Hinduism into Dravidian Christianity

Section: Christianizing Hindu Popular Culture

Sub-section: Christian Denigration of Indian Spiritual Dance

Printed Pages: 113-120
Footnotes included

Christian Denigration of Indian Spiritual Dance

From the 17th century onwards, Christian missionaries made scathing attacks on the Indian classical dance form seeing it as a heathen practice. This was often expressed by attacking the devadasi system on the grounds of human rights. The devadasis were temple dancers, dedicated in childhood to a particular deity. The system was at its peak in the 10th and 11th centuries, but a few hundred years later, the traditional system of temples protected by powerful kings had faded away under Mughal rule especially since the Mughals turned it into popular entertainment devoid of spirituality. The devadasi system degenerated in some cases into temple dancers used for prostitution, although the extent of this was exaggerated by the colonialists.

 

 

Many of the English educated elites of India accepted the colonial condemnation of their heritage and apologized for its “primitiveness.” Some of them turned into Hindu reformers, and found the devadasi system detestable for moral and even social-hygienic reasons.[1] However the devadasis saw their very existence threatened and sent handwritten pleas to the colonial government explaining the spiritual foundation of Bharatha Natyam. They quoted Siva from the Saiva Agamas saying, “To please me during my puja, arrangements must be made daily for shudda nritta (dance). This should be danced by females born of such families and the five acharyas should form the accompaniments.” Since these Agamas are revered by every Hindu, the devadasis asked, “What reason can there be for our community not to thrive and exist as necessary adjuncts of temple service?” They opposed the proposed draconian punishment for performing their tradition, calling the legislation “unparalleled in the civilized world.” [2]

 

 

Instead of abolition of their traditional profession, they demanded better education to restore their historical status. They wanted the religious, literary and artistic education as in the past, saying, “Instill into us the Gita and the beauty of the Ramayana and explain to us the Agamas and the rites of worship.” This would inspire devadasi girls to model themselves after female saints like Maitreyi, Gargi and Manimekalai and the women singers of the Vedas, such that,

 

“we might once again become the preachers of morality and religion… You who boast of your tender love for small communities, we pray that you may allow us to live and work out our salvation and manifest ourselves in jnana and bhakti and keep alight the torch of India’s religion amidst the fogs and storms of increasing materialism and interpret the message of India to the world.”[3]

 

Despite such attempts, the missionary influence continued to dominate Bharata Natyam came to be seen as immoral and facing almost certain extinction. For example, a Dravidianist supported by missionary scholarship called the dance “the lifeline that encourages the growth of prostitution.”[4]

 

 

However, Hindu savants worked tirelessly to remove the Christian slurs cast on this art form. Chief among them was Rukmini Devi Arundale (1904-1986) who protected and revived this dance by founding the Kalakshetra Academy of Dance and Music in 1936. She made it an acceptable norm for girls (and even boys) from middle class households to learn Bharat Natyam. Though operated like a modern institution, it functioned as a traditional gurukula with prayers before the deity Ganapati, vegetarianism, and a guru-shishya relationship. Throughout Tamil Nadu the guru-shishya form of decentralized one-on-one learning spread in various ways as part of this revival. Thus, far from being dead as intended by missionaries, colonialists and their Indian cronies, Bharat Natyam again became well established as a spiritual art form in South India, and started to achieve acclaim throughout India and abroad. Kalakshetra grew into a university with a large campus in Chennai.

Strategic Shift: Subtle Christian Appropriation of Hindu Dance

In recent years, missionaries are again targeting Bharat Natyam. But this time as a takeover candidate for digestion into Christianity. This reversal of strategy is in response to the growing enthusiasm for Bharat Natyam, including among many Western feminists who see Indian dance as a valorization of feminine sexuality.[5] Westerners took up this dance initially showing respect for Hindu practices and symbols, and studied under Hindu gurus who naively welcomed the Christian disciples. Each of the individuals who are at the forefront of Christianizing the Bharata Natyam today was initially taught by Hindu gurus.[6] In India there are many unsuspecting, or perhaps opportunistic, Hindu gurus who take this genre of Christian students under their wings. These Christian disciples worked very hard and many became exemplars, dancing to Hindu themes and enthralling the media and audiences.

 

 

However, they ran into conflicts between traditional Hindu art and Christian aesthetics and dogma. Father Francis Barboza, a prominent Roman Catholic priest and dancer of Hindu art forms, confesses that “the main difficulty I faced in the area of technique” concerned what is Indian classical dance’s unique feature, namely, the hand gestures (hasta) and postures. He confesses:

 

I could use all of them in the original form except for the Deva hasta [hand gestures], because the nature and significance of the Bible personalities are totally different and unique. Hence, when I wanted to depict Christ, the Christian Trinity (Father, Son and the Holy Spirit), I drew a blank. I realised that I had to invent new Deva Hasta to suit the Divine personalities and concepts of the Christian religion. This was a challenge to my creative, intellectual and theological background. Armed with my knowledge of Christian Theology and in depth studies of ancient dance treatises, I then introduced a number of Deva Hasta to suit the personalities of the Bible. These innovations succeeded in making my presentation both genuinely Indian and Christian in content and form.[7]

 

 

Dr. Barboza has Christianized the Bharatha Natyam by inventing the following Christian Mudras: God the Father; Son of God; The Holy Spirit; The Risen Christ; Mother Mary; The Cross; Madonna; The Church;  and The Word of God, as well as two postures, Crucifixion and The Risen Christ.[8] This strategy is strikingly similar to the development of “Christian Yoga” and “Jewish Yoga” by western practitioners who take what they want from yoga but reject or replace any symbols or concepts that are too explicitly Hindu.

 

 

Another example is the Kalai Kaveri College of Fine Arts, founded by a Catholic priest in 1977 as a cultural mission. He received patronage from various sources and sent out priests and nuns to learn from unsuspecting Hindu gurus. The college claims to be offering “the world’s first, off-campus degree program in Bharathanatyam,” with another program in South Indian classical music (both vocal and instrumental). Its website’s home page shows Dr. Barboza’s “Christian mudras” using the Christian “Father Deity” as the Bharata Natyam mudra replacing thousands of years of Hindu mudras.[9] Kalai Kaveri is backed and funded as a major church campaign. The Tamil Nadu government is also actively funding and promoting it.[10]

 

 

Kalai Kaveri also has overseas branches. Its UK branch with Lord Navnit Dholakia as its patron, ”administers performances and educational workshops in the UK by the dancers and movement instructors from Kàlai Kàviri College in south India.”[11]Its website contains a passage from its 25th Anniversary handbook, Resurgence, which reveals the time tested Christian technique of first praising Indian spirituality and then mapping it to Christian equivalents, such as the subtle the use of the phrase “holy communion” which has specific religious importance to Christians that might not be noticed by others. It starts out with respect for the Vedic tradition:

 

“Music and dance when viewed in Indian tradition are fundamentally one spiritual art, an integral yoga and a science of harmony…. According to the Vedas, the Divine Mother Vak (Vag Devi) sang the whole creation into being. God’s eternal life-force, Para Sakthi, entered or rather assumed the perennial causal sound Nada through the monosyllabic seed-sound Om (Pranava). Thereby the phenomenal world with its multiple forms evolved. This process of physical, vital, mental and soul contact or holy communion with God aims at complete harmony, perfect integration, and absolute identification with God, in all His manifested as well as unmanifested Lila (divine play and dance) at the individual, cosmic and supra-cosmic levels of existence.”[12]

 

But the article continues, the mapping turns more explicitly Christian:

 

“Therefore it is possible to trace each human sound or word back to its source by retracing step-by-step to the positive source, until the body of Brahman called Sabda Brahman is reached: ‘In the beginning was Prajapathi, the Brahman (Prajapath vai idam agtre aseet) With whom was the word (Tasya vag dvitiya aseet) And the word was verily the supreme Brahman’ (Vag vai paraman Brahman). This Vedic verse finds parallel in the fourth Gospel of the Christian New Testament: ‘In the beginning was the word and the word was with God and the word was God.’ (John 1.1) The ‘Word’ referred to here is the primal sound or Nama. It cannot be the spoken word, and hence it is the creative power of God. The mis-named Odes of Solomon, which are probably from 2nd century Christian Palestine or Syria convey the same truth metaphorically: ‘There is nothing that is apart from the Lord, because He was before anything came into being. And the worlds came in to being by His word’ (Ode XVI:18 – 19).[13]

 

 

Father Saju George, a Jesuit priest from Kerala, is a Kalai Kaviri celebrity who learned from various Bharat Natyam gurus. He performs both Christian and Hindu themes. Kalai Kaveri boasts that, having also danced before Pope John Paul II in New Delhi, he has thus raised Bharathanatyam to the realm of Christian prayer and worship…Here is a rare opportunity to experience a new flowering of an ancient vine. In the concerts, imageries of Radha Krishna share a platform with the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ.[14]

Blatantly Rejecting Hinduism while Christianizing the Bharat Natyam

Rani David, the founder of Kalairani Natya Saalai in Maryland, USA, (strategically located right next to a prominent Hindu temple) is even more blatant about Christianizing the Bharata Natyam. Her website does not hesitate to reveal her disdain of Hindu symbols that are a part of Bharatha Natyam, and her vow to remove them from the dance. She wants to make Bharat Natyam non-Hindu:

 

At one of the elaborate ‘Salangai poojai’, in spite of her conviction, she was embarrassed because her Christian values would not permit her to bow down before a statue, whether one of Nataraja, Mary or even Jesus Christ. It was then that she vowed to herself that one day she would fashion this beautiful art into one that could not be exclusively claimed by any one religion. That vow began its fulfillment at Edwina Bhaskaran’s arengetram in ’92 when a patham on Christ, ‘Yesuvaiyae thoothi sei’, was included.[15]

 

But her initial posture of pluralism leads to an exclusively Christian dance as an “innovation,” of which she is proud:

 

Edwina’s grandfather, Elder Edwin, congratulated Rani and inquired, ‘can you stage a full program with only Christian items?’…. Consequently, ‘Yesu-Yesu-Yesu’ a two hour program on Christ was innovated and staged first in Maryland and then taken on tour to many parts of USA..[16]

Rani David is also proud of her collaborations with Father Barboza and other Indian Christians. In an article tellingly titled, “The Concept of Christianizing,”’ she begins by comparing the problems of Bharata Natyam with similar problems supposedly found in the Bible, making her assessment seem even-handed:

History of Bharatanatyam reveals that it was misused by religious people and became a social stigma. Likewise, the word ‘dance’ itself in the Bible has had two bad ‘sinful’ references: once with the Israelites and the golden calf and the other by Salome who danced before Herod. [17]

In the next sentences this facade of equal treatment is replaced by focusing on the positive aspects of dance only in the Bible. Citing particular verses that mention dance, she concludes:

 

… dance is strongly implied to be present in God’s Kingdom. But is there an unquestionable support? Yes, in Psalms 149:3 and 150:4 there are definite commands to include dances in the praising of God! One can hardly get any more definite than that![18]

In other words, when dance is condemned in the Bible, it maps onto the Hindu nature of Bharatha Natyam and both share the problem equally; but when dance is positively depicted in the Bible it is solely a Christian phenomenon without Hindu parallels.

 

 

What is neatly glossed over is the obvious fact that Bharat Natyam was developed, institutionally nourished and theologically refined within Hinduism precisely because it is a tradition of embodied spirituality that valorizes the body—both male and female, and even animal—whereas the Abrahamic tradition, precisely because of its obsession with sin and fears of idolatry, has stifled the possibility of such bodily representation as a divine medium.[19]

 

Rani David then explains the challenges in trying to make Hinduism and Christianity co-exist in the dance. She states that there are

two major differences that we cannot overlook. Hinduism is liberal and will accept anything ‘good’ as sacred. Christianity, on the other hand, is based on a ‘zealous’ God who commands you cannot worship any other gods. Christian form of worship is simplicity; that is why you see Christians dressed in white when they go to church. But a Hindu devotee believes in elaboration in worship. The more you beautify, the more acceptable! So where does one bring in Bharatanatyam? It is not an easy task to merge the two worlds.… it was the Catholic Priest, Father Barboza, who laid down some definite mudras which you see displayed on this page. With the idea of making a universal adaptation, I have used some of these mudras in my choreography. [20]

 

 

Anita Ratnam, a prominent dancer, goes even further and claims in her 2007 event in Maryland: “Rani David laid down facts and demonstrated that Christianity existed along with Bharatanatyam and Sanga Thamizh, but history lost in time has given Christianity a western outlook.”[21]

 

 

It is interesting to note how self-conscious and strategic the various Christians are when engaged in this cross-religious activity. Their Christianity is very explicitly present in their minds and they are deliberate in making their strategic choices. On the other hand, Hindus engaged in such cross-religious activities are easily lost in ideas of “everything is the same” and “there is no us and them.” One side (i.e. Christian) has a strategy and is constantly reworking it and perfecting it, in order to expand itself. The other side (i.e. Hindu) is naively unconcerned, and unwilling to see this is a competitive arena.

 


[1] One of the most vocal champions for the abolition of the system was Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy, (1886-1968) the first female doctor of Madras Presidency, an advocate for women’s rights, as associate of Mahatma Gandhi, and a member of the legislature who worked for the abolishment of the devadasi system in 1929.

[2] Quotes excerpted from (Hinduism Today Archives 1993) . It is true that with the loss of royal and other forms of social patronage dating from (in many areas even before) British times, many of these institutions had sunk to a depraved level indistinguishable from prostitution (with possible elements of coercion given the patriarchal social structure). However, this was part of a more generalized decadence that could be seen also in the greedy behavior of temple priests at pilgrimage sites due to the same loss of patronage. Just as Bharata Natyam has long since regained its status worldwide, so too well-trained priests have now regained their status in the temples of the Hindu diaspora and in the better maintained temples of India,

[3] (Hinduism Today Archives 1993) .

[4] (Rao, Ramamirthammal and Kannabirān 2003, 210)

[5] For example, Western anthropologists (like Frédérique Appfel Marglin) have not just learned Hindu classical dance (the closely-related Odissi form) but have also lived with and given very sympathetic accounts of the daily lives and values of the devadasis. The Tantric inspiration behind these dance traditions, which were earlier the object of so much Christian-inspired censure, has become a badge of honor.

[6] Dr. Francis Barboza, who later invented Christian Mudras in Bharatha Natyam, was instructed in the dance form by two Hindus, Guru Kubernath Tanjorkar and Prof. C.V. Chandrasekhar. (Barboza 2003) Father Saju George, a Jesuit priest, was instructed by Sri K Rajkumar, Khagendra Nath Barman, Padmashri Leela Samson, Nadabrahmam Prof. C V Chandrasekhar (all from Kalakshetra, Chennai) and Padmabhushan Kalanidhi Narayanan and Kalaimamani Priyadarshini Govind. Of these Gurus, Leela Samson is a Christian. (Kalai Kaviri 2006) Leela Thompson was instructed by the very founder of Kalakshetra Rukmini Arundale and Sharada teacher, another talented Bharatha Natyam Guru of Kalakshetra.Rani David, daughter of an evangelical fundamentalist, was instructed by Shri Shanmugasundaram in the Tanjore style and later by Smt Mythili Ragahavan, a direct disciple of Smt. Rukmini Arundale of Kalekshetra. She later studied Nattuvangam under Shri Seetharama Sharma and Shri ‘Adyar’ Lakshman. (R. David 2004:Dead Link )

[7] (Barboza 2003)

[8] (Barboza 2003)

[9] Gesture presented as representative of Bharatha Natyam in (Kalai Kaviri 2004) to be compared with “Christian gesture innovated” in (Barboza 2002)

[10] (Tamil Nadu Govt 2003-2004)

[11] (Kalai Kaviri 2004:2005)

[12] (Stephen.A 2004)

[13] (Stephen.A 2004)

[14] (Kalai Kaviri 2006)

[15] (Arangetram Brochure 1999)

[16]  (Arangetram Brochure 1999)

[17] (R. David 2004:Dead Link)

[18] (R. David 2004:Dead Link)

[19] Thus, Sufi-inspired syncretism in India has focused on rasa and dhvani theory as applied to poetry and music rather than to dance, which had to be ‘secularized’ into Kathak to enjoy widespread patronage (the trance-inducing sama dances have little of the representational or aesthetic dimension of Indian classical dance). However, many among the Muslim audiences and patrons (e.g., in Awadh) could appreciate (at least at the aesthetic level), and despite the apparent contradiction, the backdrop of Hindu mythology with its various deities (esp., the already ‘secularized’ Krishna). Because of this acknowledged incompatibility, there has been no attempt to Islamize (as opposed to ‘secularize’) Kathak.

[20] (R. David 2004:Dead Link)

Since the middle of 2009 the website has expired. However the pseudo-historic narrative attempted by Rani David for Christianizing Bharatha Natyam has been approvingly displayed in a prominent Indian dance portal, www.narthaki.com, which is run by a prominent dancer named Anita Ratnam.

 

Christianizing Hindu Popular Culture: The Leela Samson Scandal

from Jayakumar S. Ammangudi jkumar64@sbcglobal.net reply-tobreakingindia@yahoogroups.com
toBreaking India <breakingindia@yahoogroups.com>
dateFri, Jun 3, 2011 at 4:31 PMsubject[breakingindia] The Leela Samson Scandal – Extract from “Breaking India”

 

Excerpted with permission from Malhotra, Rajiv and Aravindan Neelakandan, “Breaking India: Western Interventions in Dravidian and Dalit Faultlines,” Amaryllis Publishers, Delhi, 2011

 

Chapter: 8. Digesting Hinduism into Dravidian Christianity

Section: Christianizing Hindu Popular Culture

Sub-section: The Leela Samson Scandal

Printed Pages: 120-123
Footnotes included
The Leela Samson Scandal

Rukmini Arundale, a guru who rescued the dance form from the era of colonial evangelism, speaks of dance as ”Sadhana which requires total devotion.”[1] Kalakshetra, the institution she founded to specifically stress the Hindu spiritual roots of Bharata Natyam, was recently captured by Christian evangelists led by Leela Samson. Samson started her connection to Kalakshetra as a high school student and went on to a career as a dancer and teacher. Rukmini had reservations about admitting Leela Samson, according to a contemporary guru who knew Rukmani:

Leela Samson a senior artist today, came to Kalakshetra as a young girl. Because of her Judeo Christian background she had not had much exposure to traditional Indian culture. [Rukmani] was therefore hesitant about including her as a student. However on examining her on various related aspects we found that she had the attributes of a good dancer. I then persuaded [Rukmani] to give her a chance and she did so, but with some reluctance.[2]

In 2005, Samson was appointed as the new director of Kalakshetra. In 2006, she provoked a media storm by justifying the elimination of the spiritual roots of Bharata Natyam. Trouble started in 2006 when Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, the head of “Art of living” meditation, expressed his concern over the attempt of Leela Sampson to thwart the participation of Kalakshetra students in the inaugural function of a “Health and Bliss” religious course being conducted by him in Chennai. According to Ananda Vikatan, a popular Tamil weekly, the most disturbing aspect was the reason cited by Leela Samson. She explained: “This function is concerned with Hindu religion. So Kalakshetra students need not participate in it.”[3]

 

This was soon followed by an article that appeared in Hindu Voice, a magazine run by Hindu nationalists, which claimed that under the Samson tutelage at Kalakshetra, most of the Vinayaka images for which regular poojas had been historically conducted by the students were removed. Only after a lot of criticism did she replace one image but not all. Samson ordered all prayers to the deity to be stopped, and the clothes adorning the deities were removed.[4] As this progressed into a major controversy, Samson was forced to react but denied all the charges. She made the claim that “Kalakshetra never had idols that were worshipped. A lamp was all that was lit in every place we worshipped, according to Theosophical principles and the highest philosophical principles upheld by our elders.”[5]

 

Whereas Siva’s Nataraja form represents the Cosmic Dancer, the dancing form of Ganesha has customarily been invoked by Indian dancer and worshipped before a performance. The suppression of these “idols” by Leela Samson was an attempt to detach Bharat Natyam from its traditional roots under the guise of secularization, and then remapping it within Christian theology and symbolism. Her response against “idol worship” contradicts her mentor and the institution’s founder, Rukmini Arundale, who had defended the Hindu worship of various deities’ images:

All the songs we dance to are of Gods and Goddesses. You may ask, “Why so many Gods and Goddesses? The only reply I can give is, “Why not so many Gods and Goddess?[6]

 

Rukmini did not support a vague notion of a “universal religion” and in fact specifically critiqued  this sort of generic spirituality, saying:

Some people say ‘I believe in universal religion’, but when I ask them whether they know anything about Hinduism, they answer in negative. They know nothing about Christianity, nor about Buddhism or about any other religion either. In other words, universality is, knowing nothing of anything….Real internationalism is truly the emergence of the best in each….But in India when I say India I mean the India of the sages and saints who gave the country its keynote, there arose the ideal of one life, and of the divinity that lives in all creatures; not merely in humanity.[7]

 

In the morning assembly, Samson allegedly told the students and teachers that “idol worship” is superstition and should be discouraged at Kalakshetra. There were complaints that her hand-picked teachers explained the Geeta-Govindam in denigrating tones. The certificate that was designed by Rukmini Arundale with Narthana Vinayakar had the emblem of Siva on it. The present certificate has been changed and is without any Hindu symbols.[8]

Samson has been criticized for undervaluing the Hindu stories and symbols to the point of ridicule, comparing them with Walt Disney’s characters, Batman and “the strange characters in Star Wars.”[9] In contrast, Rukmini explains the deep meaning of symbolism in the ballad, ”Kumarasambhava”:

Why does the story of Kumarasambhava please me? It is because of the symbolism. Finally what Parvati wins is not passion but the devotion and sublimation of herself. Parvati wins Siva and she becomes united with Him, because she has discovered the greater, indeed the only way of discovering God. This is very beautiful symbology. Siva burnt to ashes all that is physical. So must a dancer or musician burn to ashes all thought which is dross and bring out the gold which is within.[10]

 

She speaks of the Ramayana and Mahabharatha as the “essential expressions of Indian dance.”[11] Far from being manmade stories as Leela Samson considers Indian narratives to be, Rukmini Arundale speaks of Sri Rama, Sri Krishna and Buddha in the following manner:

Why was India a world power? Because Sri Krishna had lived in this country, Sri Rama had lived here and so had Lord Buddha. It was their Teaching that made India a great world power.[12]
Where Leela Samson sees the equivalents of Batman and Mickey Mouse characters, the founder of Kalakshetra sees great world teachers and symbolism of the most sublime kind. In Sampson’s appropriation, Bharata Natyam was denied its vital spiritual, devotional, aesthetic and pedagogical dimensions, and dragged down to the fantastic garish mass level of cartoons. Thus in Leela Samson’s own words the process of usurpation can be seen in its crucial stages: initially de-Hinduising and secularizing the art form and then Christianizing it.

 


[1] (Arundale 2004, 20).

[2] (Sruthi (Jan 1996) 2005, 56)

[3] (Anantha Vikatan 20-Dec-2006)

[4] (Deivamuthu.P 2007)

[5] (Prakriti Foundation 2006)

[6] (Arundale 2004, 185)

[7] (Arundale 2004, 148-9)

[8] (Deivamuthu.P 2007)

[9] (Samson 2004)

[10] (Arundale 2004, 186)

[11] (Arundale 2004, 117)

[12] (Arundale 2004, 147)

 

Arundale, Rukmini Devi. “Philosophy of Dance.” All India Radio, April 14, 1954.

—. Some Selected Speeches and Writings of Rukmini Devi Arundale-Vol-I. Chennai: Kalakshetra Foundation, 2004.

Sruthi (Jan 1996). “Advice from a Veteran:Interview with Sarada.” In Nirmalam-The Genius of S Sarda, by Anita Ratnam. Arangam Trust, 2005.

Deivamuthu.P. “Anti-Hindu activities at Kalakshetra, Chennai.” Hindu Voice, April 8, 2007.

—. “Demolishing a Tradition at Kalakshetra.” Organiser, April 29, 2007.

Prakriti Foundation. Prakriti Foundation Invitation . December 8, 2006. http://www.prakritifoundation.com/inv/kf.html (accessed August 10, 2009).

Samson, Leela. History And Myths of Indian Classical Dances. August 2004. http://www.4to40.com/discoverindia/index.asp?article=discoverindia_historyandmyth (accessed April 10, 2008).

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